Atomic Matter

Matter Matter is the term used to describe anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter is made of atoms.

Matter is Made of Atoms Atom Size of atoms The most basic unit that makes up matter Size of atoms Are so small they cannot be seen! Put it in perspective… Size of atom compared to penny is equal to the size of a penny compared to the moon!

Rutherford and Gold Foil

Parts of an atom

Parts of an atom

Parts of an atom

Parts of an atom

Parts of an atom

Parts of an atom

Then and now

Rules about electrons Electrons travel around the nucleus in (2) two, the next level is eight (8), and the third is eighteen (18).

Electron shell

The structure of all atoms are the same, the only thing that changes are the number of particles within the atom. Atoms are defined by the number of protons in its nucleus.

Build of an atom Most of the atom’s mass is from the protons and neutrons. Most of the atom’s volume is in the electron cloud. Most of the atom is empty space.

Elements Elements are matter made up of only one type of atom (remember this is based on the amount of protons and neutrons.) Gold is an element made up of only gold atoms, and iron is only made up of iron atoms.

Elements are the primary colors of matter! They are the simplest form of matter.

Periodic Table The periodic table is a chart that organizes elements by the number protons in each element’s nucleus.

How to read the periodic table

Mass Mass is the amount of matter in an object or how much it material is inside and outside the object. When we talk about elements from the periodic table we talk about their atomic mass, or how much mass the atom has.

Bonding: Come together now! Valence is the number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. This electron number is how an atom generally bonds or number of bonds an atom can form. Odd rule; there can only be a total of eight bonding sites, so there are rules called the octet rule.

Valance on periodic table

Elements bond when they share, give, or receive electrons. Bonding Elements bond when they share, give, or receive electrons.

Covalent Bond A covalent bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. The pair of atoms share the electrons.

Covalent Bonding

Ionic Bond Ionic bonding is the transfer of valance electrons between atoms. One atom gives an electron and the other atom receives an electron.

Delicious NaCl An ionic bond is formed by the giving and receiving of an electron. NaCl = Salt

Chemical formulas Chemical formulas are made up of symbols and numbers that express what elements are in a chemical. Examples H2O NaCl NH3 C6H12O6

Breaking down a chemical formula Each capital letter represents 1 atom of 1 element. Coefficient (Big number) tells how many molecules are present. Use distributive property for coefficients to apply to each element. Subscript (Small number) is the number of atoms of each element.

Breaking down a chemical formula H2O H = 2 O = 1 5 Na2O2H Na = 10 O = 10 H = 5 2NaClO3 Na = 2 Cl = 2 O = 6