Warm up: The cell membrane allows certain things to pass through. We call this ________? Which organelle builds proteins? Which organelle packages and.

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Warm up: The cell membrane allows certain things to pass through. We call this ________? Which organelle builds proteins? Which organelle packages and ships products made by the cell? What is a gene? Cell wall is found in what type of cell?

Unit 5: DNA Translation

Targets: 18. I can explain how translation works and where it happens in a cell. 19. I can write the amino acid sequence for the DNA strand 5’ ACGTTACAG 3’

Central Dogma Information flows in one direction: 1. Replication copies DNA 2. Transcription converts DNA into mRNA 3. Translation interprets RNA message into string of amino acids or proteins

Review Replication duplicates an entire strand of DNA DNA to DNA DNA base pair rules A = T C = G T = A G = C Original: A T C C G T A A C T G New: T A G G C A T T G A C

Transcription creates a copy of DNA segment (gene) called mRNA DNA to RNA RNA base pair rules A = U C = G T = A G = C DNA: G T A T C C G T T A C G A mRNA:C A U A G G C A A U G C U

Translation: the mRNA strand moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm where ribosomes translate the message into a string of amino acids called proteins

Steps in Translation: 1. mRNA leaves nucleus, attaches to ribosome in cytoplasm 2. A codon enters the ribosome codon = 3 bases on mRNA strand, also called a ‘triplet’

3. Anticodon (tRNA) brings the correct amino acid for that codon anticodon = complementary bases for mRNA codon Has bases on one end And the amino acid on the other end

4. Amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds Peptide bonds = 2 atoms share electrons

5. Process continues until STOP codon is reached 5. Process continues until STOP codon is reached. Protein strands break off and head to Golgi Bodies where they are folded into its proper shape.

Ribosome reads mRNA codes 3 at a time Ribosome reads mRNA codes 3 at a time. Chart is used to convert mRNA triplet into amino acids. mRNA: U G G U A C A U G AAcids: Trp – Tyr - Met

20 different amino acids = thousands of different proteins How many letters in the alphabet? 26 How many words can those 26 letters make? Thousands 20 different amino acids strung together in different combinations and lengths can create thousands of different proteins.

Reflection #3 1. Replicate the following strand of DNA code: Original: A T T C G A A G C C C T A A G New: 2. Transcribe the new strand into mRNA: New: (copy from above) mRNA: 3. Translate the mRNA code into amino acids (remember to mark your triplets) mRNA: (copy from above) Amino Acids: