Solids and Liquids Chapter 14

Kinetic Molecular Theory Solids-particles are highly ordered and packed closely together. They have slight vibrational movement. A solid maintains its shape regardless of the container. Liquids-particles are more disordered and are spread further than in a solid. They more closely resemble solids than gases.

Phases Heat is added Heat is removed Condensing-gas to liquid Freezing-liquid to solid (0°C for water-freezing point) Deposition-gas to solid (water vapor directly to ice) Evaporation-liquid to gas (100°C for water-boiling point) Melting-solid to liquid Sublimation-solid to gas (dry ice directly to gas)

All phase changes are physical changes because a new substance is not created.

H bonding H bonding-when H bonds with an electronegative element Ex: H2S, HCl

Intermolecular Forces: Hydrogen Bonding Forces Click in this box to enter notes. Go to Slide Show View (press F5) to play the video or animation. (To exit, press Esc.) This media requires PowerPoint® 2000 (or newer) and the Macromedia Flash Player (7 or higher). [To delete this message, click inside the box, click the border of the box, and then press delete.] Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Types of solids Ionic-contains cations and anions, conduct electricity Ex: Salt (NaCl) Molecular-contains covalent bonds (molecules) Ex: Sugar (C12H22O11) Atomic-1 element covalently bonded to itself Ex: Diamond (Carbon)

Structure of an Ionic Solid (NaCl) Click in this box to enter notes. Go to Slide Show View (press F5) to play the video or animation. (To exit, press Esc.) This media requires PowerPoint® 2000 (or newer) and the Macromedia Flash Player (7 or higher). [To delete this message, click inside the box, click the border of the box, and then press delete.] Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Molecular Solids Click in this box to enter notes. Go to Slide Show View (press F5) to play the video or animation. (To exit, press Esc.) This media requires PowerPoint® 2000 (or newer) and the Macromedia Flash Player (7 or higher). [To delete this message, click inside the box, click the border of the box, and then press delete.] Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Comparison of a Molecular Compound and an Ionic Compound Click in this box to enter notes. Go to Slide Show View (press F5) to play the video or animation. (To exit, press Esc.) This media requires PowerPoint® 2000 (or newer) and the Macromedia Flash Player (7 or higher). [To delete this message, click inside the box, click the border of the box, and then press delete.] Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Alloys Alloy-a substance that contains a mixture of elements and has metallic properties. Ex: sterling silver (93% silver, 7% copper) steel (carbon and iron)

Electron Sea Model Click in this box to enter notes. Go to Slide Show View (press F5) to play the video or animation. (To exit, press Esc.) This media requires PowerPoint® 2000 (or newer) and the Macromedia Flash Player (7 or higher). [To delete this message, click inside the box, click the border of the box, and then press delete.] Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.