Blow, E, Meth and Ice: The Psychomotor Stimulants Biology/Psychology 3506

Introduction Amphetamine NMDA Methamphetamine D and l, different isomers Both together, Benzadrine Just d, Dexedrine NMDA Ecstacy Methamphetamine Speed

Introduction Methylphenidrate Ephidrine Cocaine Cathinone Ritalin natural Cocaine Coca leaves Cathinone Qat or chat or khat or whatever…….

Introduction All of these are psychomotor stimulants Operate on the monoamines E NE DA 5Ht Which monoamine and how depends on the drug

Introduction Ecstacy and Speed Coke

A Little History Coca leaves have been chewed for thousands of years in South America Active ingredient was isolated It cures everything and its fun!!!!!! Robert Louis Stevenson, Freud, Czar Nicholas II, Henrik Ibsen, Popes. Big in the patent medicine business

Coke adds Life, and a wicked High! The choice of a new generation!

History Ephidrine has been around for a long time Synthetic too! Pseudoephidrine, popular among athletes Chat (or whatever spelling you prefer) has been taken for ages in Somalia, Ethiopia etc Now it is popular (when refined) in Russia Jeff

Administration and Absorption Oral, more constant Injection or snort, get a big rushCocaine HCl Testing for purity showed you could smoke it Crack! Peak concentration from 30 min to 3 hr after taking amphetamine

Administration and Absorption Probably more rapid from smoking Crosses the barriers Excreted in urine Metabolized by the liver Coke has a half life of about 40 min

Neruphysiology and Effects Transmitter Leakage CA + 5Ht Increase in amount released Ecstasy does this with 5Ht Block reuptake Coke does this only In PNS E is released

Neurophysiology and Effects Increases the release of DA in accumens Reward system again Cocaine can act as a local as it blocks Na ion channels Effects Heart rate increases Dilation of blood vessels

Neurophysiology and Effects Effectss (continued) Headaches Dry mouth Weight loss Disrupts sleep REM rebound later

Behavioural Effects Cocaine and speed are indistinguishable Feels good More energy Clear mind Come down later “Rush” Speed lasts longer than coke

Behavioural Effects Punding Amphetamine psychosis Sstereotyped behviour Amphetamine psychosis Happily, it clears up DA? Violence Sensation gets better Flicker fusion

Behavioural Effects Eliminates fatigue effects on Reaction Time Flight simulator! Overlearned taks Athletci Performance too Tested for in competition Sudafed and NHL players

Behavioural Effects Nonhumans Increase in SMA Stereotypical behaviour (like punding maybe) automutilation Increases FI, decreases FR responding Same sort of dynamic effect happens with negatively reinforced behaviour.

Behvioural Effects Nonhumans (continued) Dissociative effects too Discriminable from saline

Tolerance Acute tolerance develops quickly to cocaine Appetite suppressing effects disappear So do lethal effects Psychosis, stereotypical behaviour show negative tolerance Sensitivity? Withdrawal not that bad Letdown, amphetamine deppression

Administration Cocaine speed Ecstasy Snorted, smoked injected Run and crash Or small does injected Ecstasy pills

Administration: Non humans If constantly available monkeys will stop for periods If limited they’ll titrate Rats will self-administer Important for understanding reward model

Bad Stuffl Liver damage Paranoia Hallucinations Tremors Weight loss

Bad Stuff Indirect effects Birth Defects? Crack Babies? OD

Treatment Detox Contracting SSRIs, MAOIs etc