Chapter 11 section 2 New Political Parties

Louisiana Purchase Map In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the United States by purchasing the Louisiana Territory from the French. This purchase troubled Jefferson somewhat because he used his presidential treaty-making powers to craft the agreement. He considered this to be a loose interpretation of these powers, and he believed that the Constitution should be interpreted strictly.

I. Manifest Destiny Define: stretch across North America from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean As a new territory was added to the United States, the question of slavery was a major issue i. Will the new state enter the Union as a Free or a Slave State? (balance of power in Senate) ii. Will slavery be allowed in the new territory?

Video Clip manifest destiny

II. Missouri Compromise 1820 Line of 36 30’ determined if a state would be admitted to the Union as a Free or Slave State North of line Free- Western territory north of Missouri Southern border were closed to slavery South of line Slave- Western territory south of southern border were open to slavery

Missouri Compromise 1820 Map In 1820, the first of several debates over the expansion of both the United States and the institution of slavery took place. Missouri wished to enter the union as a slave state, however, this would grant slave-holding states the majority in the Senate. This arrangement was unacceptable to the industrial North, which did not depend upon slavery as the South did. Congress passed the Missouri Compromise which would allow Missouri to enter as a slave-holding state and Maine as a free state. This act also banned slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36 degree 30 minute line of latitude which was the southern border of Missouri.

Problem??? Did not address the question if slavery would be allowed while the territory was still a territory and not a state North wanted to prevent slavery in new territories so that they would not enter as slave states South considered slaves property, and felt it was their right to bring property into a new territory

Video clip Missouri Compromise 1820

Video Clip: Slavery Debate continues

III. Compromise of 1850 Proposed by Henry Clay of Kentucky: resulted in a middle ground on the slavery issue California admitted as a free state New Mexico and Utah decides for themselves if slavery would be legal (popular sovereignty) Abolish the sale of slaves in Washington, D.C. However, slavery remains legal in Washington

III. Compromise of 1850 continued Fugitive Slave Act- requires all U.S. citizens to assist in the return of escaped slaves. Also denies a jury a trial to escaped slaves. RESULT: Forces all Americans to help catch escaped slaves

III. Compromise of 1850 continued Result: Did not solve any issues. Just kept the peace for the time-being i. North- infuriated over the Fugitive Slave Act. (Uncle Tom’s Cabin was written) ii. South- saw the North as gaining too much power. iii. Theory of State's Rights – the states have the right to nullify acts by the federal government and could leave the union if it wanted to.

III. Compromise of 1850 continued iii. Theory of State's Rights – the states have the right to nullify acts by the federal government and could leave the union if it wanted to.

Compromise of 1850 Map The California gold rush in the late 1840s and the acquisition of new territory of Utah and New Mexico after the Mexican-American War required Congress to analyze the intertwined issues of expansion and slavery again since the Missouri Compromise only applied to the Louisiana Territory. This time, Congress allowed California to be admitted as a free state and southerners were granted a stricter fugitive slave law allowing them to recapture their property, even in the North. Finally, popular sovereignty would allow the people living in the Utah and New Mexico territories to vote on the issue of slavery when they entered the union as states.

Video Clip: Missouri Compromise 1850

IV. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 Introduced by Senator Stephan Douglas (IL) hopes of Presidency Popular Sovereignty: let people in territories decide if slavery would be allowed Results South: happy that the Missouri Compromise was repealed and that slavery could occur above the 36 30’ line (determined by territory) North: Northerners outraged. Viewed as a sellout to the South Result: Republican Party established: anti-slavery party

IV. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 continued d. Results South: happy that the Missouri Compromise was repealed and that slavery could occur above the 36 30’ line (determined by territory) North: Northerners outraged. Viewed as a sellout to the South Result: Republican Party established: anti-slavery party

Overall Summary of Kansas Nebraska Act 1854 This act would repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 Popular Sovereignty: Allowed the people of these territories to decide whether slaves would be allowed

Add map of Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 Map In 1854, Congress decided to extend popular sovereignty to the unsettled areas of the Louisiana Purchase, now know as the Kansas and Nebraska territories. This act led to violence and a pre-cursor to the Civil War as pro-abolition and pro-slavery forces flooded Kansas to sway the vote, in what became known as Bloody Kansas.

Video Clip: Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854