The surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model of osteoarthritis in the 129/SvEv mouse S.S. Glasson, B.V.Sc., T.J. Blanchet, B.S., E.A.

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The surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model of osteoarthritis in the 129/SvEv mouse S.S. Glasson, B.V.Sc., T.J. Blanchet, B.S., E.A. Morris, D.V.M. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 15, Issue 9, Pages 1061-1069 (September 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.03.006 Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Diagram of the right knee joint of the mouse. F=femur; T=tibia; MM=medial meniscus; ACL=anterior (cranial) cruciate ligament; MMTL=medial meniscotibial ligament; LMTL=lateral meniscotibial ligament. The MMTL is transected to generate destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). The ACL is transected in the ACLT model. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1061-1069DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.03.006) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 A: Surgical approach to the right mouse knee joint with a medial para-patellar ligament incision; B: Following fat pad blunt dissection the medial meniscus (MM) and medial meniscotibial ligment (MMTL) are identified; C: Transection of the MMTL; D: Following transection, destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) is complete and the meniscus is free to displace medially. Note: Incisions are shown twice as long as usual in order to obtain good quality images. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1061-1069DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.03.006) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 A: Extensive dissection of the right knee joint to expose the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), medial meniscus (MM), medial meniscotibial ligament (MMTL) and lateral meniscotibial ligament (LMTL); B: ACL transection; C: ACLT prior to testing anterior drawer; D: ACLT following confirmation of anterior drawer, showing intact MMTL and LMTL. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1061-1069DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.03.006) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Box and whisker plots showing the twentififth through seventififth percentiles boxed and the central horizontal line the median score. The data range is represented by whiskers. A: The mean maximum histologic scores at 4 weeks post-operatively (±s.e.m.) for the No surgery, Sham surgery and DMM and ACLT groups were 1.1±0.1, 1.0±0.3, 3.7±1.5 and 4.3±0.4. B: At 8 weeks the mean maximum scores were 1.2±0.3,1.2±0.2, 4.1±0.3, 5.0±0.4. C: At 4 weeks the mean summed scores were 2.7±0.6, 1.4±0.6, 25.2±4.7, 37.2±7.1 and at 8 weeks (D) 4.1±1.9, 4.9±1.1, 35.7±3.8, 58.0±10.6. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1061-1069DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.03.006) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Four sequential histologic levels from posteriorly (A) to anteriorly (D) at 8 weeks following DMM (maximal score=5). Histology following DMM often resulted in medial displacement (B–D) of the medial meniscus. The cruciate ligaments were always intact (C,D) and no ectopic chondrogenesis or bone formation was present. A consistent feature of the DMM model was loss of Safranin-O, fibrillation and cartilage loss on the medial tibial plateau (arrowhead, A–D) and medial femoral condyle. Erosion through the sub-chondral bone was not observed. MFC=medial femoral condyle; LFC=lateral femoral condyle; MTP=medial tibial plateau; LTP=lateral tibial plateau; MM indicates a medially displaced medial meniscus. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1061-1069DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.03.006) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Four sequential histologic levels from posteriorly (A) to anteriorly (D) at 8 weeks following ACLT (maximal score=6). Erosion to the growth plate (A, B), chondrogenesis and ectopic formation of new bone (A–D) in the medial synovium and joint capsule was a feature of the ACLT model. Damage was more severe in the posterior aspect of the joint and was not restricted to one area of the joint. Free bone marrow cells (not shown) were often observed in the joint when severe erosion was present following ACLT. The posterior cuciate ligament (PCL) remained intact (D). MFC=medial femoral condyle; LFC=lateral femoral condyle; MTP=medial tibial plateau; LTP=lateral tibial plateaul; Fib=Fibula. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15, 1061-1069DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2007.03.006) Copyright © 2007 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions