Welcome Back! In your notebook: What is the significance of the following “Two” Front war Stalingrad D-Day Manhattan Project

Rebuilding the World -Yalta Conference, 1945 meeting of the Big Three Before the end of the war, Stalin wants to divide Germany into zones (4 zones to each ally) -Creation of the United Nations Peacekeeping union created after V-E Day to prevent world wars Sets up 2 houses: General Assembly and Security Council Created at San Francisco Conference -Potsdam Conference, July 1945 division of Germany 4 sections to be occupied by major Allied nations, Berlin also divided -Nuremburg Trials German leaders tried for actions during the Holocaust war crimes several leaders executed

The Cold War 1945-1991

GENERAL STATEMENTS ABOUT EARLY DAYS OF THE COLD WAR After WW II, the U.S. and the Soviet Union (USSR) emerged as rival superpowers. The Cold War (1945-1989) was a state of hostility, without direct military conflict, between the U.S. and the USSR. The U.S. and the USSR competed for influence around the world, especially in third world countries. The Cold War had a huge impact on domestic politics, policies, and actions in both countries.

GENERAL STATEMENTS ABOUT EARLY DAYS OF THE COLD WAR The Cold War led to an arms race, particularly the development of more powerful nuclear weapons. The Cold War greatly impacted the foreign policy decisions of Presidents Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy.

The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. GOAL  spread world-wide Communism METHODOLOGIES: Espionage [CIA vs. KGB] Arms Race [nuclear escalation] Democracy vs. Communism Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

Origins of the Cold War Soviets felt the U.S. did not recognize their Communist govt. after Russian Revolution (1917) Stalin resented the Allies delaying their attack on Germany during World War II. U.S. was angered that Soviets signed nonaggression pact w/ Hitler (1939) Soviets upset that we kept atomic bomb a secret

The United Nations Created April 25th, 1945 50 countries met in San Francisco to establish new peacekeeping body

Tensions Mount Stalin & Truman disagree on issues related to Eastern Europe  No free election in Poland  Soviets wanted Germany to pay reparations  Truman wants democracy and free trade around the world  Soviets claim eastern Europe – installed satellite nations to keep from being invaded again.

Satellite Nations Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Hungary Romania Poland

Containment & The Iron Curtain Feb. 1946: George Kennan  U.S. diplomat in Moscow (used the word “containment”  Block the Soviet spread of communism March 1946: Winston Churchill  Gave speech in the United States  “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent

Containing the Iron Curtain

The Cold War Begins

TRUMAN DOCTRINE US to help Greece and Turkey combat Soviet influence Based on idea of containment US, as a democracy, had a duty to resist communism and prevent communism from spreading across the globe

MARSHALL PLAN US would help Europe rebuild by loaning money An attempt to stop spread of communism A strong Europe would be beneficial for trade with the US

Struggle over Germany After WWII, Germany divided into 4 zones  Yalta Conference G.B./France/U.S. combine zones  West Germany  Democracies Soviet Union remains separate  East Germany  Communist

Berlin Airlift Berlin in East Germany Soviets impose blockade on West Berlin  retaliation to combining of zones  stop people trying to leave East Berlin U.S. & G.B. fly food & supplies to W. Berlin for 327 days May 1949: Soviets lift blockade

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization  Created April 4th, 1949  military alliance  1st time for U.S. during peacetime Nations: U.S. – Canada – Belgium – Denmark – Luxembourg – The Netherlands – Norway Portugal – Greece – Turkey – West Germany

The Cold War Talks! Using the fancy paper in the back of the room divide your paper into 8 squares. 808-814 Each square will receive Title (2 pt) Image (10 pt) Description on back ( 5 pt) Cold war Containment Iron Curtain NATO vs. Warsaw Pact Satellite Nations Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Berlin Airlift

Welcome Back to the Cold War Stalin says “You better know how the cold war starts or your going to the Gulag” Answer Questions #1 -#10 Objective: Assess if containment was a success or failure in Asia

The Cold War Heats Up WWII – Japanese occupy China Chinese Communist & Nationalist join forces - Mao Zedong (communist) fights Japan from the north - Chiang Kai-shek (nationalist) fights Japan from south - U.S. sends $3 billion in aid Japan defeated – leaves China - Civil War breaks out in China U.S. aids Nationalists - Chiang Kai-shek’s government corrupt Peasants in China supported Mao Zedong - Communists improved food production & encouraged peasants to learn to read.

Korean War (1950-1953) Pg. 182-183 President Truman has slipped into a coma! As his personal aid you are responsible for explaining to the ailing Commander in chief how effective containment was in Asia, specifically (china and Korea). Your letter must be written from the time period and contain formal language. It also must include the following terms in no particular order (circle them in the letter) Chiang Kai Shek Mao Zedong China North Korea Douglas MacArthur The Atomic Bomb Stalemate 39th Parallel Truman is a wimp!

Communist China May 1949: Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan  Taiwan formally known as Formosa People’s Republic of China was created U.S. did not recognize this new republic

The Korean War Japanese rule Korea from 1910-1945 38th Parallel - Japanese surrender north of line to Soviets - Japanese surrender south of line to U.S. By 1949, Americans & Soviets pull out of both areas

The Korean War (Cont.) June 25, 1950: North Korea invades S. Korea President Truman orders air support for S. Korea United Nations sends 520,000 troops to help S. Korea 90 % of troops were Americans led by WWII hero, Douglas MacArthur

The Korean War 5 Star (D.Mac.) forces North Korea to retreat - He invades N. Korea China aids North Korea - 300,000 Chinese drive UN Forces back 5 Star recommends nuking Chinese cities - President Truman says no; China is Soviets allies - MacArthur openly criticizes Truman President Truman fires MacArthur - Truman is Commander-in-Chief of military Americans were angered: 69% favored 5 Star

The Shifting Map of Korea [1950-1953]

Stalemate June 23, 1951 U.S. – Soviets sign ceasefire Referred to as The Forgotten War

Stalemate (Cont.) Rejection of Dem. Party (Truman) Elected Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike) as president 38th parallel still exists today (DMZ)