Conjunctions What is a conjunction?

A conjunction is a connecting or linking word used in the writing of sentences. A conjunction can be used to connect words or phrases: salt and pepper, take it or leave it. Conjunctions are often used to join one part of a sentence (a clause) to another: I was first in the queue because I wanted a window seat. We were sad to hear that, although we had never liked him.

The main conjunctions. The most common conjunctions are: and or but There are many other common conjunctions. Can you think of any?

When to use conjunctions. Conjunctions are essential when you are writing longer, complex sentences. Look at this list of simple sentences: I like cooking. Generally, I prefer creating more elaborate dishes. I can use my imagination. I can introduce special ingredients of my own choice. Using lots of short sentences becomes monotonous but using conjunctions, four sentences can become one longer complex sentence. What conjunctions could you use?

Conjunctions in action. Although I like cooking, I generally prefer creating more elaborate dishes because I can use my imagination and can introduce special ingredients of my own choice.

Conjunctions in your own writing. You should aim to use a variety of sentence lengths in your own writing. Sometimes it is appropriate to use short sentences if you want to say something directly. At other times it is more appropriate to use longer sentences to give more detail.

Starting point. Pick out the conjunctions used in the following newspaper headlines: 1)When will it all end? 2)IF ONLY SOMEONE HAD TOLD HER! 3)While the cat’s away...... 4)After the horse has bolted!

Fill in the gaps The following sentences are missing conjunctions. Write out the sentences and fill in the gaps. 1)Time was running out, ________ I wanted to stay. 2)Huw left _______ Judy came in. 3)You could go for a walk ____take a bus into town. 4)I was surprised _________she told me that _______ I had no idea. 5)________ we were late, we were allowed to enter, _______we had a good excuse. 6)________ the game had ended, the coach congratulated the players, _______they had lost. 7)You have to prepare it _________ your guests arrive, _________ there will be no time later.

Going further Look at the questions below. Turn the group of simple sentences in to one complex sentence using conjunctions. 1)I love swimming. It gives me the opportunity of healthy exercise. Swimming is not too energetic. I am also very good at it. 2)Dogs can be trained to be obedient. Dogs can learn quickly. They should be treated with kindness and patience. Owners must reward them. 3)I becomes very hot in this country. It is very close to the Equator. Average annual rainfall is not very high. The average rainfall is a major problem.