Classification

History of Classification Ancient Near East (5 Animal Groups) Domestic Animals, Wild Animals, Creeping Animals, Flying Animals, and Sea Animals 2,300 Years Ago- Greek philosopher Aristotle Two Groups Those that had red blood and those that didn’t. Plants/Aninimals

History of Classification 1700’s-Swedish scientist Carolus Linnaeus Classified about 12,000 organisms in groups based on similar characteristics. Still used today. This system is called taxonomy.

Taxonomy Science of classifying living things. Different levels of classification

How to Classify Things Child Older Shape, Size, Color, or by their use You start to learn to classify things using narrower and more meaningful categories. Pick out specific TRAITS that things have and then group them together.

Traits and Groups What is a Trait? A trait may be any one specific feature that defines something. Ex) A person with blue eyes. Each individual trait can then separate things or people into specific groups.

Domains 3 Domains Archae Bacteria Eukarya

Levels of Classification Seven Major Levels of Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Every time you move down a level, there is fewer organisms in common than the level above.

Kingdom Classification by Kingdom depends on an organisms cell structure, how it gets energy, and its movement and reproduction. 5 Kingdoms of Classification Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Phylum Phylums are the next level below Kingdom. A Phylum should have less organisms in it then a Kingdom does. Ex) Polar bears are classified in the phylum Chordata. Animals in this phylum have a flexible, skeletal rod called a notocord.

Class Each Phylum is then divided into classes. Ex) Polar Bears are put into the class Mammalia. Animals in this class have females that produce milk. Cats, humans, and horses are mammals.

Order A class is then divided into orders. Ex) Polar Bears are divided into the order Carnivora, animals that mainly eat meat.

Family An order is divided into families. Ex) The polar bear belongs to the family Ursidae. This family separates the dogs and cats from the order Carnivora.

Genus Each family consists of at least one genus. Ex) Polar bears belong to the genus Ursus. This Genus includes all of the large bears.

Species A genus contains at least one or more species. A species is made up of related organisms that are able to mate and reproduce offspring of the same type. Ex) Polar bears are of the species maritimus.

Levels of Classification

Scientific Names Some species have 50 different common names in 30 languages. Some common names, such as pine, is used for 100 tree species. Linnaeus invented a naming system. Binomial Nomenclature

Binomial Nomenclature Binomial=Two Nomenclature=Term or Name Each classified organism has a specific two part name. Each name is unique. Linnaeus used Greek and Latin words to name organisms by genus and species.

Binomial Nomenclature The first part is the genus. This word is capitalized. The second part is the species. This one is not capitalized. Ex) Polar Bear= Ursus maritimus Ursus maritimus in latin means “seagoing bear” This naming ensures that all biologists are referring to the same organism.

Phylogenic Trees Looks like a family tree and has a branching pattern that indicates how closely related organisms are to one another

Dichotomous Key