Mixtures and solutions Physical combinations

Mixtures and solutions What is a mixture? A mixture is a physical combination of different substances.

Mixtures and solutions What are the different types of mixtures? The 2 types are heterogeneous and homogeneous. Heterogeneous have an uneven distribution of particles. Homogeneous have an even distribution of particles.

Mixtures and solutions What falls in the heterogeneous category? Mixture: not mixed liquids Suspension: liquids that settle Examples: Pepper Salt, sand, and iron filings Muddy water Italian salad dressing

Mixtures and solutions What falls into the homogenous category? Solutions: mixtures in liquid that look like one substance. Colloids: mixtures that are evenly distributed, but have larger particles. Examples Gelatin Vinegar Butter What is the Tyndall effect? What is Brownian motion?

Mixtures and solutions What is solution concentration? Concentration is how much substance is dissolved into a solution. Solvent: substance in higher amount Solute: dissolves into the solvent Unsaturated-more room to dissolve. Saturated-no more room to dissolve. Super-saturated-more than can be held is dissolved in solution.

Mixtures and solutions How do we show solution concentration? There are several ways . . . % by mass % by volume Molarity Molality Mole fraction

Mixtures and solutions What is % by mass? Mass of solute X100 mass of solution What is the % by mass of 3.6 g of NaCl in 100.0 g of water?

Mixtures and solutions What is % by volume? Volume of solute x 100 Volume of solution What is the % by volume of 35 mL of ethanol in 155 mL of water?

Mixtures and solutions What is molarity? Molarity is a comparison of moles of solute to liter of solution. Molarity = moles solute/liter of solution How strong is 73 grams of hydrogen chloride dissolved in 250 mL of water? 8.0 M

Mixtures and solutions What is the dilution equation? M1V1 = M2V2 M = molarity V = volume How can you dilute 250 mL of 12 M HCl to 8 M HCl?

Mixtures and solutions What is molality? Molality is moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. What is the molality of 4.5 g of NaCl in 100.0 g of water.

Mixtures and solutions What is the mole fraction? What is the mole fraction of 36 g HCl and 64 g of water?

Mixtures and solutions What is solvation? Solvation is the process of taking apart ions to make a solution. They become surrounded by polar water molecules. Water is polar, this means each end has a slight charge due to the unbalanced sharing of electrons.

Mixtures and solutions What factor affect solvation? Temperature changes speed of particles. Surface area changes contact points. Agitation changes speed of particles. Pressure changes some mixtures.

Mixtures and solutions What happens to the properties of a mixture? The properties of a mixture take on some of the properties of the substances involved because they keep their chemical structures.

Mixtures and solutions What are colligative properties? Colligative properties are changes in properties that depend on the concentration of solute. Vapor pressure lowering Boiling point elevation Freezing point depression Osmotic pressure

Mixtures and solutions liquid solid Gas