Ending WWI and Its Outcomes Topic 4.3 Ending WWI and Its Outcomes

Homefront Recap The American government increases its strength and control of the American people Selective Service Act – creates the draft; men ages 21-30 must sign up and go to war if selected 1st Amendment Issues: Espionage Act – made it a crime to criticize the war effort Sedition Act – cannot talk negatively about America or the government Charles Schenck v. U.S. Total War American economy shirts to war production – economic boom Women and African-Americans in factories at home – 19th Amendment and Great Migration Use of posters and propaganda to promote the war at home

Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points President Wilson delivered his Fourteen Points speech which described his goals for the post-war world: No private treaties or alliances Freedom of the seas Reduction or militaries and armaments Removal of trade barriers and establishment of free trade Autonomy and sovereignty for various states around Europe and the Middle East Establishment of a League of Nations

Treaty of Versailles Creation of new territory and states Sovereignty of Poland Austria-Hungary is divided into several new states Ottoman Empire is dissolved in the Middle East Germany is punished Forced to accept blame for starting the war – War Guilt Clause Required to pay huge reparations to the allies Lost its navy and reduced its army to a small police force Creation of the League of Nations Organization that pledges to defend against aggressors

U.S. Senate Rejects the Treaty The Senate refused to ratify the Versailles Treaty Henry Cabot Lodge Main opponent to ratifying the treaty Joining the League would compromise “freedom of action” U.S. and Russia do not join the League of Nations Greatly reduces the strength of the League

Outcomes of War The United States emerged as the strongest world power – not as damaged by the war as other European nations U.S. became a creditor nation: U.S. government loaned out a lot of money to help its European allies rebuild Germany was hit hard by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles Led to economic disaster and deeply hurt German nationalism Paves the way for Adolph Hitler to take power in the 1930s