Results of the Civil War and Reconstruction (1865-1877) Picking up the Pieces Results of the Civil War and Reconstruction (1865-1877)

Unit Objectives To learn the impacts of the Civil War To learn the differing plans for Reconstruction and which plan was chosen To identify key figures of the Reconstruction era and the impact they had To learn how Reconstruction impacted the former slaves, for better and worse To learn the similarities and differences between black codes and Jim Crow laws To learn about the white response to Reconstruction

Reconstruction What was it?

Reconstruction (ID) ERA OF REUNIFYING AND REBUILDING THE NATION AFTER CIVIL WAR

What was the main question after the war?

Main question after the war? TO PUNISH THE SOUTH OR FORGIVE AND MOVE ON (HOW TO BRING THE NATION BACK TOGETHER)? Which would you choose?

Wade-Davis Plan (ID) Who supported it? Radical Republicans Thaddeus Stevens What was the plan? Radical Republican plan to treat the South like conquered territory The Radicals wanted to rule the South in military districts until a majority of state officials could take an oath of loyalty to the Union and be able to swear they had never participated in the Confederacy in any way (political or military) What impact would the plan have had on the South?

Potential impact of the plan: IT WOULD HAVE KEPT THE SOUTH POLITICALLY POWERLESS FOR AT LEAST A GENERATION

Lincoln’s Plan Lincoln vetoed the plan and offered his own THE TEN PERCENT PLAN: SOUTHERN STATES COULD BE READMITTED TO THE UNION IF 10% OF THEIR VOTERS SWORE AN OATH OF LOYALTY TO THE UNION AND AGREED TO ABOLISH SLAVERY (HEAL AND MOVE ON)

Lincoln agreed to pardon all Southerners except for high-ranking political and military leaders

Which plan do you think was adopted, Lincoln’s or the Radical Republicans’? Lincoln vetoed the Wade-Davis Plan but was then assassinated and no longer around to fight for his plan. Which plan do you think was actually adopted?

Which plan was chosen? A COMBINATION OF THE TWO Lincoln was no longer around to fight for his plan but Andrew Johnson followed many (not all) of his policies Johnson was a Democrat from Tennessee, a southern state, so he didn’t get along with the Radical Republicans any more than Lincoln had

Results of the Civil War and Reconstruction Union was re-unified Things that were ended: --THE CONFEDERACY --SLAVERY (WHAT TO DO WITH THE FORMER SLAVES BECAME MAIN ISSUE)

Pre-Civil War issues that were finally settled: --IDEAS OF SECESSION AND NULLIFICATION --FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINALLY SEEN AS SUPREME TO STATES Lost lives: --Union lost 360,000, Confederates lost 260,000 --More than half of the deaths were caused by disease, not battle injuries

Southern economy was ruined by the war and there were no jobs for the returning Confederate soldiers Southern social structure: ALSO RUINED BY WAR—WHITE SOUTHERNERS NOW EXPECTED TO TREAT FORMER SLAVES AS EQUALS Should Union pay off Confederate war debt?

THE UNION DECIDED NOT TO PAY THE DEBT The Northern economy did very well during the war due to industrial production Several medical breakthroughs, especially with amputations Photography (MATTHEW BRADY): MADE THE WAR THE FIRST CAPTURED ON FILM

New style of warfare: --New tactics like trenches, observation balloons, use of the railroads, telegraph --New Weapons like repeating fire rifles, faster loading rifles, iron-clad ships, subs, mines Assassination of Lincoln: KILLED BY JOHN WILKES BOOTH, A SOUTHERN SYMPATHYZER WHO HOPED TO RESTART THE SOUTHERN CAUSE

Civil War Amendments 13th Amendment (1865): 14th Amendment (1868):

13th Amendment (1865): ENDED SLAVERY   14th Amendment (1868): 15th Amendment (1870):

13th Amendment (1865): ENDED SLAVERY   14th Amendment (1868): GRANTED CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS TO FORMER SLAVES 15th Amendment (1870):

Civil War Amendments (ID) 13th Amendment (1865): ENDED SLAVERY   14th Amendment (1868): GRANTED CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS TO FORMER SLAVES 15th Amendment (1870): GAVE FORMER SLAVES RIGHT TO VOTE

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson In 1868 the Radical Republicans tried to impeach Johnson because they did not agree on Reconstruction policies—The Radicals thought Johnson was way too easy on the South because he vetoed many Radical plans

Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws (ID) DISCRIMINATION LAWS THAT PLACED UNFAIR RESTRICTIONS ON THE FORMER SLAVES They were allowed by the federal government because the Southern states argued they were state laws protected by the Tenth Amendment

Jim Crow Laws: LAWS THAT PLACED MORE RESTRICTIONS ON FORMER SLAVES AND INCLUDED SEGREGATION

Rise of the KKK The racist white response to the gains former slaves made during the early years of Reconstruction—The goal was to restore the white-supremist lifestyle as much as possible

Some Southerners openly got in the way of Reconstruction efforts and used the Tenth Amendment to justify their actions (any rights not given to the federal government or denied to the state by the Constitution are reserved to the state)—the federal government and the courts could not do anything about it