New Opportunities: Harnessing Induced Pluripotency for Discovery in Diabetes and Metabolism  Adrian Kee Keong Teo, Amy J. Wagers, Rohit N. Kulkarni  Cell Metabolism  Volume 18, Issue 6, Pages 775-791 (December 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.08.010 Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Types of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndromes The various types of diabetes and metabolic syndromes that can be modeled using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) include monogenic forms of diabetes, type 1 diabetes (T1D), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). T1D occurs as a result of immune attack by immune cells, such as macrophages and T cells, whereas T2D occurs as a result of insulin resistance in the pancreas, muscle, fat, and liver. Square represents male subjects, whereas circle represents female subjects. Filled symbols denote subjects with diabetes. Cell Metabolism 2013 18, 775-791DOI: (10.1016/j.cmet.2013.08.010) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Schematic of Derivation of hiPSCs from Patient Somatic Cells Types of human somatic cells, which are relatively more accessible for reprogramming, include keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, adipocytes, and peripheral blood cells. Current reprogramming methods include the use of retroviruses, lentiviruses, plasmids, adenoviruses, Sendai viruses, transposons, protein, modified RNA, and miRNA. Cell Metabolism 2013 18, 775-791DOI: (10.1016/j.cmet.2013.08.010) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Differentiation of Diabetic hiPSCs into Various Cell Types for In Vitro Disease Modeling Each type and/or source of diabetic hiPSCs can be differentiated into relevant cell types of interest for investigating disease mechanisms. Cell types of interest include pancreatic cells, cells involved in diabetic complications, and cells involved in insulin resistance. Cell Metabolism 2013 18, 775-791DOI: (10.1016/j.cmet.2013.08.010) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions