D. A. Lewis, PhD, R. C. Lowell, MD, R. A. Cambria, MD, P. C

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Presentation transcript:

Production of endothelium-derived factors from sodded expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts D.A. Lewis, PhD, R.C. Lowell, MD, R.A. Cambria, MD, P.C. Roche, PhD, P. Gloviczki, MD, V.M. Miller, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 25, Issue 1, Pages 187-197 (January 1997) DOI: 10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70337-9 Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Scanning electron micrographs (×500) of sodded (left panel) and unsodded (right panel) ePTFE grafts. Sodded graft is lined by cells forming typical cobblestone appearance of endothelial cells. No consistent lining was observed on unsodded grafts. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 25, 187-197DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70337-9) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Scanning electron micrographs (×500) of sodded (left panel) and unsodded (right panel) ePTFE grafts. Sodded graft is lined by cells forming typical cobblestone appearance of endothelial cells. No consistent lining was observed on unsodded grafts. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 25, 187-197DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70337-9) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Micrographs (×100) of sodded (left panel) and unsodded (right panel) ePTFE grafts stained with antibody for heavy-chain myosin (a, b), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP: c, d), endothelin-1 (e, f), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS: g, h). Bar denotes extent of ePTFE graft; arrow indicates infiltration of white cells. Sodded grafts exhibited positive, specific staining for heavy-chain myosin, indicating differentiated smooth-muscle cells. Sodded grafts also exhibited positive staining for CNP throughout section; only cells of adventia had positive staining CNP in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for endothelin-1 was present in cells lining lumen and smooth muscle of sodded graft. There was nonspecific staining along luminal border in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for ecNOS was present in cells lining lumen and smooth-muscle/ePTFE border in sodded graft. Unsodded grafts showed nonspecific staining throughout section. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 25, 187-197DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70337-9) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Micrographs (×100) of sodded (left panel) and unsodded (right panel) ePTFE grafts stained with antibody for heavy-chain myosin (a, b), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP: c, d), endothelin-1 (e, f), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS: g, h). Bar denotes extent of ePTFE graft; arrow indicates infiltration of white cells. Sodded grafts exhibited positive, specific staining for heavy-chain myosin, indicating differentiated smooth-muscle cells. Sodded grafts also exhibited positive staining for CNP throughout section; only cells of adventia had positive staining CNP in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for endothelin-1 was present in cells lining lumen and smooth muscle of sodded graft. There was nonspecific staining along luminal border in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for ecNOS was present in cells lining lumen and smooth-muscle/ePTFE border in sodded graft. Unsodded grafts showed nonspecific staining throughout section. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 25, 187-197DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70337-9) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Micrographs (×100) of sodded (left panel) and unsodded (right panel) ePTFE grafts stained with antibody for heavy-chain myosin (a, b), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP: c, d), endothelin-1 (e, f), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS: g, h). Bar denotes extent of ePTFE graft; arrow indicates infiltration of white cells. Sodded grafts exhibited positive, specific staining for heavy-chain myosin, indicating differentiated smooth-muscle cells. Sodded grafts also exhibited positive staining for CNP throughout section; only cells of adventia had positive staining CNP in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for endothelin-1 was present in cells lining lumen and smooth muscle of sodded graft. There was nonspecific staining along luminal border in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for ecNOS was present in cells lining lumen and smooth-muscle/ePTFE border in sodded graft. Unsodded grafts showed nonspecific staining throughout section. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 25, 187-197DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70337-9) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Micrographs (×100) of sodded (left panel) and unsodded (right panel) ePTFE grafts stained with antibody for heavy-chain myosin (a, b), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP: c, d), endothelin-1 (e, f), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS: g, h). Bar denotes extent of ePTFE graft; arrow indicates infiltration of white cells. Sodded grafts exhibited positive, specific staining for heavy-chain myosin, indicating differentiated smooth-muscle cells. Sodded grafts also exhibited positive staining for CNP throughout section; only cells of adventia had positive staining CNP in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for endothelin-1 was present in cells lining lumen and smooth muscle of sodded graft. There was nonspecific staining along luminal border in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for ecNOS was present in cells lining lumen and smooth-muscle/ePTFE border in sodded graft. Unsodded grafts showed nonspecific staining throughout section. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 25, 187-197DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70337-9) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Micrographs (×100) of sodded (left panel) and unsodded (right panel) ePTFE grafts stained with antibody for heavy-chain myosin (a, b), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP: c, d), endothelin-1 (e, f), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS: g, h). Bar denotes extent of ePTFE graft; arrow indicates infiltration of white cells. Sodded grafts exhibited positive, specific staining for heavy-chain myosin, indicating differentiated smooth-muscle cells. Sodded grafts also exhibited positive staining for CNP throughout section; only cells of adventia had positive staining CNP in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for endothelin-1 was present in cells lining lumen and smooth muscle of sodded graft. There was nonspecific staining along luminal border in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for ecNOS was present in cells lining lumen and smooth-muscle/ePTFE border in sodded graft. Unsodded grafts showed nonspecific staining throughout section. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 25, 187-197DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70337-9) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Micrographs (×100) of sodded (left panel) and unsodded (right panel) ePTFE grafts stained with antibody for heavy-chain myosin (a, b), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP: c, d), endothelin-1 (e, f), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS: g, h). Bar denotes extent of ePTFE graft; arrow indicates infiltration of white cells. Sodded grafts exhibited positive, specific staining for heavy-chain myosin, indicating differentiated smooth-muscle cells. Sodded grafts also exhibited positive staining for CNP throughout section; only cells of adventia had positive staining CNP in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for endothelin-1 was present in cells lining lumen and smooth muscle of sodded graft. There was nonspecific staining along luminal border in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for ecNOS was present in cells lining lumen and smooth-muscle/ePTFE border in sodded graft. Unsodded grafts showed nonspecific staining throughout section. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 25, 187-197DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70337-9) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Micrographs (×100) of sodded (left panel) and unsodded (right panel) ePTFE grafts stained with antibody for heavy-chain myosin (a, b), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP: c, d), endothelin-1 (e, f), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS: g, h). Bar denotes extent of ePTFE graft; arrow indicates infiltration of white cells. Sodded grafts exhibited positive, specific staining for heavy-chain myosin, indicating differentiated smooth-muscle cells. Sodded grafts also exhibited positive staining for CNP throughout section; only cells of adventia had positive staining CNP in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for endothelin-1 was present in cells lining lumen and smooth muscle of sodded graft. There was nonspecific staining along luminal border in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for ecNOS was present in cells lining lumen and smooth-muscle/ePTFE border in sodded graft. Unsodded grafts showed nonspecific staining throughout section. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 25, 187-197DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70337-9) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Micrographs (×100) of sodded (left panel) and unsodded (right panel) ePTFE grafts stained with antibody for heavy-chain myosin (a, b), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP: c, d), endothelin-1 (e, f), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS: g, h). Bar denotes extent of ePTFE graft; arrow indicates infiltration of white cells. Sodded grafts exhibited positive, specific staining for heavy-chain myosin, indicating differentiated smooth-muscle cells. Sodded grafts also exhibited positive staining for CNP throughout section; only cells of adventia had positive staining CNP in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for endothelin-1 was present in cells lining lumen and smooth muscle of sodded graft. There was nonspecific staining along luminal border in unsodded grafts. Positive staining for ecNOS was present in cells lining lumen and smooth-muscle/ePTFE border in sodded graft. Unsodded grafts showed nonspecific staining throughout section. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 25, 187-197DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70337-9) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Sample trace of response of bioassay ring to effluent from direct line (superfusion through metal tube) and effluent from sodded graft stimulated only by flow of perfusing solution and following stimulation with acetylcholine (1 × 10−6 mol/L). Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 25, 187-197DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70337-9) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Relaxations of bioassay rings to effluent from sodded and unsodded ePTFE grafts stimulated with acetylcholine (1 × 10−6 mol/L; mean ± SEM). Values are expressed as percent change in tension after contraction with phenylephrine (1 × 10−6 or −5 mol/L). *Represents significant difference between sodded and unsodded grafts, p < 0.05. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 25, 187-197DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70337-9) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Biochemical analysis of effluent with radioimmunoassay for 6-keto prostaglandin F1α(top panel) and thromboxane B2 (bottom panel; mean ± SEM). Grafts were stimulated with either acetylcholine (1 × 10−6 mol/L; n = 11), thrombin (0.1 U/ml; n = 7), adenosine 5-diphosphate (1 × 10−4 mol/L; n = 6), or calcium ionophore A23187 (1 × 10−6 mol/L; n = 13). *Represents significant difference in production of prostacyclin and thromboxane in sodded grafts compared with unsodded grafts. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 25, 187-197DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70337-9) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Biochemical analysis of effluent with radioimmunoassay for 6-keto prostaglandin F1α(top panel) and thromboxane B2 (bottom panel; mean ± SEM). Grafts were stimulated with either acetylcholine (1 × 10−6 mol/L; n = 11), thrombin (0.1 U/ml; n = 7), adenosine 5-diphosphate (1 × 10−4 mol/L; n = 6), or calcium ionophore A23187 (1 × 10−6 mol/L; n = 13). *Represents significant difference in production of prostacyclin and thromboxane in sodded grafts compared with unsodded grafts. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 25, 187-197DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70337-9) Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions