What can you do to keep from getting sick?
How do we/you know this?
The Black Death & The Hundred Years War The Late Middle Ages The Black Death & The Hundred Years War
The Bubonic Plague
Cause
The Culprits
Why So Devastating?
Overcrowding in cities Poor sanitation Famine Poor hygiene Why’s this significant? Poor sanitation Famine Poor hygiene
Effects
Loss of 1/3 of the Population Cities, especially. Less so of rural areas. Why? Surviving workers received higher wages. Why?
Clergy was decimated Who? What? Why?
Anti-Semitism Increased Who, What & Why? Tragic theme throughout history
Literature & Art Reflected Pessimism What?
1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople!
The Disease Cycle Human is infected! Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria. Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut. Human is infected! Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound. Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria.
Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate. The Symptoms Bulbous Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate.
Bring out your dead!
An obsession with death.
Boccaccio in The Decameron The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors.
The Danse Macabre “Dance of Death”
Attempts to Stop the Plague “Leeching” A Doctor’s Robe
Attempts to Stop the Plague Flagellanti: Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins!
Death Triumphant !: A Major Artistic Theme
A Little Macabre Ditty “A sickly season,” the merchant said, “The town I left was filled with dead, and everywhere these queer red flies crawled upon the corpses’ eyes, eating them away.” “Fair make you sick,” the merchant said, “They crawled upon the wine and bread. Pale priests with oil and books, bulging eyes and crazy looks, dropping like the flies.”
A Little Macabre Ditty (2) “I had to laugh,” the merchant said, “The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled; “And proved through solemn disputation “The cause lay in some constellation. “Then they began to die.” “First they sneezed,” the merchant said, “And then they turned the brightest red, Begged for water, then fell back. With bulging eyes and face turned black, they waited for the flies.”
A Little Macabre Ditty (3) “I came away,” the merchant said, “You can’t do business with the dead. “So I’ve come here to ply my trade. “You’ll find this to be a fine brocade…” And then he sneezed……….!
The Mortality Rate 25,000,000 dead !!!
What were the political, economic, and social effects of the Black Death??
The Hundred Years War 1337-1453
Causes
Controversy Over Succession bc French King Edward IV dies or Philip of Valois Cousin of Ed IV French Nobility selected him King Edward III of England Mother was Ed IV’s daughter 1340 – Proclaims himself “King of France”
2. Fr. Land Belonging to Br. Kings An older issue was the status of lands w/in France that belonged to English kings.
3. Conflict Over Flanders Wool industry. Flanders wants its independence from Fr control. Asks England for help.
4. A Struggle for National Identity France was NOT a united country before the war began. The French king only controlled about half of the country.
The War a series of short raids & expeditions punctuated by a few major battles, marked off by truces or ineffective treaties.
Advantages England Experienced & well-trained army Unified French Population of about 16,000,000. Home field advantage Far richer & more populous than Engl At one point, the French fielded an army of over 50k at most, Britain mustered only 32k England Experienced & well-trained army Unified Weapon Technology
The British Longbow arrows had more power could be fired faster Could pierce an inch of wood or the armor of a knight at 200 yards! Would bring an end to the importance of Knights could be fired faster 6 arrows per min
The British Longbow: The Battle of Poitiers, 1356
How does a leader pay for a war? Borrow or Raise Taxes! War is… EXPENSIVE How does a leader pay for a war? Borrow or Raise Taxes! Who do you tax? The weak who can’t stop you from taxing them. You tax… The Peasants!
Peasant Revolts English Peasant Revolt 1381 Largest revolt 100k Jacquerie in France (late 14th-early 15th cent) Not as successful as the Engl peasants in gaining changes
British Early Victories
A French Hero Rises… Joan of Arc Peasant girl who claimed she heard voices from Saints & convinced the desperate Fr forces to allow her to fight
1429 –led the Fr army to a crucial victory at Orleans She brought inspiration & a sense of national identity & self-confidence to France The French Charles VII is crowned king
Joan of Arc (1412-1432) Was captured during an attack on Paris & fell into Engl hands. Bc of her “unnatural dress” & claim to divine guidance, she was condemned & burned at the stake She instantly became a symbol of French resistance. Later canonized as a Saint
**Important Effects of the War** Engl is permanently removed from France Will be rivals for a long time Serfdom in Engl will end (bc of the peasant revolts) c. 1550 RISE of the MODERN STATE Power was being centralized towards the MONARCH Before: Power was spread out amongst Feudal Lords
France Unifies!