Nuclear Emergency Planning Chinese Experience

Chinese Nuclear Emergency Planning Pre-Construction Safety Review (PCSR) Advising CGN (China General Nuclear) Chapter 32 Emergency Preparedness submission to UK ONR Malcolm Lloyd Dubber MPhil.,CSci.,CChem.,MRSC.,FEPS. Malcolm Dubber Consultancy Ltd for Emergency Planning Society Wales Conference 14-15 June 2018

Nuclear Emergency Planning in the People’s Republic of China Governed by Central Government through National Nuclear Energy Administration (NNEA) and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (SASAC).

Approach: IAEA guidance but not enough detail. Nuclear Emergency Preparedness CGN felt it important to include Emergency Preparedness at the PCSR stage. They started with only the On-site arrangements, but soon realised Off-site planning needed to be addressed and site design would be affected by the emergency arrangements and facilities. Approach: IAEA guidance but not enough detail. Needs: Compliance with British ONR requirements. History: Need to understand British Emergency Planning; How did it develop? Limitation: Non-site specific. Answer: Provide advice for adaptation to any new site.

Nuclear Site Licence Condition 11 (LC11) LC11(1): Licensee shall make arrangements for dealing with an accident or emergency on site and its effects LC11(2): Submit to ONR the emergency arrangements for approval LC11(3): No alteration or amendment to be made without approval of ONR LC11(4): Arrangements that require assistance or co-operation of others, e.g. Local Authority and Emergency Services, must be consulted LC11(5): Arrangements shall be rehearsed periodically or as required by ONR LC11(6): Licensee shall ensure that all emergency response employees are properly instructed in their duties, use of equipment and precautions to be taken

How is a nuclear / radiation emergency managed? A Nuclear Emergency in a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) How is a nuclear / radiation emergency managed? Understanding what the NPP does ! Dedicated trained people Dedicated protected facilities Dedicated off-site support

Position not considered Essential Features 1 Protected Control Room Protected designated Emergency Control Centre (ECC) Position not considered Protected back-up (auxiliary) ECC – Position not considered ! Identified Evacuation Routes & Personnel Sheltering Established Access / Egress routes for emergency vehicles & teams, including off-site support services NOT considered at this stage but would affect site design ! Control Points (including Security) Medical and Decontamination facilities

Essential Features 2 Emergency Response Personnel Rest Centres Laboratory facilities (backup off-site) Health Physics facilities (backup off site) Family Information Centre (HR, possibly off-site) News / Media Centre – STATE CONTROLLED in PRC NOT UK Public Information Centre - STATE CONTROLLED in PRC Communications Centre (independent of: ECC, Media Centre, and no public access) * * DIRECT LINK TO CESC, IAEA, COBR (Ministry level in PRC)

Central Emergency Support Centre CESC Central Emergency Support Centre Based in Barnwood Gloucester CESC has on-call scientists and engineers to provide technical support / advice to the Nuclear Emergency Site Emergency Control Centre and the Reactor Control Room. These experts are drawn from across the nuclear industry, including contractors and defence.

EXERCISES DO NOT TEST PERSONNEL On-site Emergency Preparedness Organisational structure In PRC different to UK – Understanding British practice Emergency Response Personnel ALL properly trained and assessed periodically SQEP (Suitably Qualified & Experienced Person) Training Records maintained (ONR Licence requirement) EXERCISES to test test overall and individual elements of Emergency Response Arrangements EXERCISES DO NOT TEST PERSONNEL

Operational Management: Common Elements of an Emergency Plan Adequate Resources: Capacity to respond: a management decision Operational Management: Shift Change-over, reserves and rested! Neighbour NPP support STRESS: Affects ALL Emergency Personnel and others Management of Stress! Exercises and Incidents – “Hot Debriefing” Publish “Lessons Identified”!

Big advantage for Chinese is: Approach to Emergency Planning and Disaster Relief Continually evolving, learning from incidents, new technology, affects of environment and climate changes. Improved knowledge base. Engage with local communities. Integrated Emergency Management. Big advantage for Chinese is: Starting with a clean sheet = influence change In UK, can draw on British experience !

Interoperability of Critical Infrastructure Conclusion: What the Chinese learned and are aware of … Safe operations of a NPP is at the heart of Nuclear Emergency Planning and Preparedness. In an emergency the aim is to re-establish the generating power of the NPP. Chinese have no illusions – there are no short-cuts. In China, integrate with other industries: Interoperability of Critical Infrastructure It fails in an emergency because it doesn’t work effectively under normal conditions.

Keep calm and carry on The Chinese (CGN) are building and investing in some of our new nuclear power plants to acceptable UK standards of design and operation, with British companies that also includes the British Government.

Life in Shenzhen - A large team !

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Thank you for listening Chinese Nuclear Emergency Plans Thank you for listening Questions ? MLDubber@me.com +44 (0) 7796 260925