DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF BLOOD

Anemia Too few erythrocytes or too little hemoglobin molecules. Hemorrhagic Anemia - due to excessive loss of RBC’s due to bleeding Aplastic Anemia – inability of red bone marrow to produce erythrocytes

Anemia Iron deficient anemia – body can’t makek hemoglobin molecules w/o enough iron Pernicious Anemia – deficiency of B12 Hemolytic Anemia – abnormal destruction of erythrocytes

Anemia Sickle Cell Anemia - due to abnormal hemoglobin (S-shaped) causes RBC to bend into a sickle shape

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Only infants of Rh- mothers are at risk Rh incompatibility between mother and newborn infant Affects second or later children

HEMOPHILIA Hemophilia – sex-linked hereditary disorder of coagulation process (blood will not clot) due to lack of certain clotting factors in the blood (Factor VIII or V)

Leukemia Uncontrolled production and accumulation of cancerous WBC’s May prevent production of normal RBC’s More common in adults than children May DEVELOP an uncontrolled infection due to the abundance of immature or abnormal WBC’s that cannot fight infection or disease

Infectious Mononucleosis Contagious disease primarily affecting the lymph tissue but also effecting the blood caused by a virus May be transmitted in saliva-nicknamed “kissing disease” Flu-like symptoms, chronic fatigue Affects a lymphocyte not monocyte

Polycythemia Excessive number of erythrocytes Overproduction of blood cells (usually red blood cells) Results in increased blood viscosity and elevated blood pressure Can contribute to thrombosis and hemorrhaging

Diseases and Disorders of Cardiovascular System

Aneurysm Abnormal dilation in arterial wall.

Arteriosclerosis Hardening of the arteries related to age and other disease processes. Atherosclerosis – form of arteriosclerosis – fatty plaques in vessesl

Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) - Stroke Sudden impairment of a blood vessel in the brain causing the tissue to die. Complications vary

Coronary Artery Disease Heart muscle receives inadequate blood and oxygen because of occlusion of coronary arteries

CAD Interventions CABG PTCA Stent Drug Therapy Coronary Artery Bypass Graft PTCA Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty Stent Drug Therapy

Hypertension High blood pressure Can lead to: Stroke CAD - atherosclerosis cardiomegaly - cardiomyopathy Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Pulse Points

Carotid Pulse

Brachial Pulse

Radial Pulse

Femoral Pulse

Popliteal Pulse

Dorsal Pedalis Pulse

Murmur Defect in Heart valve causing a leakage Classified by how much leakage

Myocardial Infarction (M.I.) Heart attack Heart muscle cell death A condition caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries

Diseases and Disorders of the Lymphatic system

AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome A disease caused by a virus (HIV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus Destroys T-Cells (Helper) Four stages Victim dies from infection by another opportunistic disease pneumonia - Kaposi’s sarcoma dementia - AIDS Wasting Syndrome

Measles Also known as rubeola Highly contagious Koplik’s spots appear Flu-like symptoms Vaccines help

Mumps Viral infection affecting parotid salivary glands Greatest complication -- infertility

MUMPS

Rubella An acute infectious disease resembling both scarlet fever and measles but differing from them in that it has a short course, slight fever, and is free from sequelae. Also known as German Measles

Tetanus An acute infectious disease due to the toxin Clostridium Tetani growing anaerobically at the site of the injury. May cause lockjaw and muscle paralysis.

THE END