Overcoming the Scaling Lag for Polymer Solar Cells Jon E. Carlé, Martin Helgesen, Ole Hagemann, Markus Hösel, Ilona M. Heckler, Eva Bundgaard, Suren A. Gevorgyan, Roar R. Søndergaard, Mikkel Jørgensen, Rafael García-Valverde, Samir Chaouki-Almagro, José A. Villarejo, Frederik C. Krebs  Joule  Volume 1, Issue 2, Pages 274-289 (October 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2017.08.002 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Joule 2017 1, 274-289DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2017.08.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 An Illustration of the Progress in Certified Efficiency for Organic Laboratory Solar Cells as a Function of Time Compared with Scaled Data from DTU Joule 2017 1, 274-289DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2017.08.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Evaporation of the Ternary Solvent Mixture (A) TGA weight-loss data (measured and simulated) at 60°C, 90°C, and 140°C. The simulated data have been offset slightly along the time axis to allow for the initial temperature adjustment period in the TGA experiments. (B) Mass spectroscopic data from the TGA experiment of the solvent mixture at 140°C. Three ion masses (m/z 65, 77, and 146) originating from each of the three different solvents were selected, clearly showing that they each dominate at different time intervals. Joule 2017 1, 274-289DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2017.08.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Calculated Molar Fractions for Each Solvent in the Mixture Based on Simulation at 140°C Joule 2017 1, 274-289DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2017.08.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 IV Data for Fully Roll-to-Roll Processed Cells and Modules (A) A ∼1-cm2 excerpt device with a performance of 7.07% (single junction; PCE, 7.07%; Voc, 0.787; Isc, −11.01 mA; FF, 60%; area, 0.736 cm2). (B) The same device compared with a module showing a performance of 6.09% (8-cell module; PCE, 6.089%; Voc, 6.292 V; Isc, −85.45 mA; FF, 58.89%; area, 52 cm2). The red curve shown in (A) is on a smaller scale and shown as a red curve in (B) also (but on the scale of B). Joule 2017 1, 274-289DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2017.08.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 High Voltage Conversion and Efficiency (A) Efficiency versus input power at different input voltages. Measured in the high-voltage laboratory on one of the stages of the high-voltage DC/DC prototype. (B) Field unit with eight stages in series enabling operation up to 8 kV/2.4 kW. (1) LLC resonant converter stage—the board is split by the HV transformer; (2) current loop for isolated supply of control circuitry at the HV side; (3) master board for organizing control and monitoring tasks. Joule 2017 1, 274-289DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2017.08.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 The Large-Scale Installation (A) The entire platform with the panels installed. (B) The five rolls of foil. (C) A view of the panel mount and the surface that drains at the back. (D) Inverter peak output during the first 100-kWh production. (E) The corresponding daily energy harvest. (F) The integrated production curve. Joule 2017 1, 274-289DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2017.08.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Inverter Peak Output and Corresponding Daily Energy Harvest over a Period of 2 Years of Operation The integrated production curve leads to more than 500 kWh of energy produced. Joule 2017 1, 274-289DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2017.08.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 8 Comparison of Cumulative Produced Energy over 2 Years of Two Large-Scale Organic Solar Cell Installations The Heliatek façade is a 0.962-kWp system consisting of 80 large-scale R2R evaporated small-molecule organic solar cell modules encapsulated in glass. The DTU Solarpark was initially set up as a >600-kWp system consisting of four large-scale R2R printed polymer solar cell modules. Joule 2017 1, 274-289DOI: (10.1016/j.joule.2017.08.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions