Quantum complexity in condensed matter physics

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Presentation transcript:

Quantum complexity in condensed matter physics S Julian University of Toronto Emergent properties Particle behaviour of fluctuating modes Broken symmetry and rigidity Indirect interaction

Condensed Matter Physics Fundamental Physics Applied Physics -Quantum properties of many body systems -Noise (eg in electronic circuits) -Novel soft matter, elasticity and viscosity -Modeling the universe -memory devices for computers -processors for computers -corrosion and catalysis -superconducting devices Elementary particle physics energy Condensed matter physics biology time

Combinatorial chemistry vs. emergent properties

Empty boxes are more interesting than people think! At 0K: zero point motion At high T: electrons and positrons are created At Low T: black-body radiation

Analogy with quantum condensed matter physics: At 0K: zero point motion of phonon, electron-hole pairs, etc. At high T: electrons and positrons are created At Low T: black-body radiation Real phonons and electrons+holes

Dispersion relations for (quasi)particles

How to make a metal

Conventional phase transition: broken symmetry states

Conventional phase transition Spontaneous symmetry breaking The susceptibility diverges > rigidity

Mass enhancement Magnetic pairing

Indirect interactions: - One of the central principles of physics

Unusual “particle-like” excitations are possible in condensed matter systems Overdamped modes Propagating modes

The quantum critical point Fe Cu At Tc, fluctuations diverge

quantum critical superconductivity?

CePd2Si2 phase diagram

Methodology of condensed matter physics: Crystal growth: Crystals are to us what stars are to astronomers Scattering: A good way to find out what is inside something is to throw something at it and see how it bounces off Nano-physics: Scanning tunneling microscopy, point contact spectroscopy, etc. Low temperatures and high magnetic fields: Dilution refrigeration

Anvil pressure cells

Antiferromagetic insulator Phase diagram of Ca2RuO4 Antiferromagetic insulator Temperature / K Ferromagnetic metal Pressure / kbar

Structural transitions

Atomic orbitals in crystals

Orbital ordering

Summary The fundamental principles of quantum condensed matter physics are: Emergent properties: new kinds of ‘particles’ emerge as complexity increases Broken symmetry and rigidity Indirect interactions The methodology focuses on crystal growth, scattering and low temperatures.