9/25 Warm-up Name the process in which the constitution can be changed. What are the 3 branches of government and what are their specific duties?

#4 Ch 2 S 3 Details: Visit Teacherweb.com for details Notes & Read Ch 2 S 3 All ___________________ Visit Teacherweb.com for details Test planned for Friday, go study!!!!

The Articles of Confederation & The New Constitution Chapter 2 Section 3 The Articles of Confederation & The New Constitution

Standards Addressed 11.1.2: Analyze the ideological origins of the American Revolution, the Founding Fathers' philosophy of divinely bestowed unalienable natural rights, the debates on the drafting and ratification of the Constitution, and the addition of the Bill of Rights. 11.3.5: Describe the principles of religious liberty found in the Establishment and Free Exercise clauses of the First Amendment, including the debate on the issue of separation of church and state.

Content Objective Discuss the debates on the drafting and ratification of the Constitution, and the addition of the Bill of Rights. Discuss the Establishment and Free Exercise clauses of the First Amendment

In need of a Government Revolution ends A government needed to run the new nation How should the new government work? Government of people by people and for people The people rule (democracy) Citizens vote for others to represent their interests (republic)

Weak vs. Strong Government New government put in place Articles of Confederation Intentionally made weak to avoid a King Weaknesses Each state has equal vote (population) Amending is difficult No court system No president Cannot handle national problems

Constitution put in place Convention called Start drafting a new constitution Issues Government power How much though? Population representation How to count slave populations? How to address differences in populations between states? State power vs. Federal power Which matters more? Separating power Ensuring federal government power is limited

The Great Compromise James Madison’s Virginia Plan- a Bicameral, or two house, legislature with membership based on each state’s population William Patterson’s New Jersey Plan, which proposed a single house congress in which each state had an equal vote Sherman’s Great Compromise- offered a two house congress. Each state had equal representation in the senate, or upper house. The population size of each state determined its representation in the House of Representatives, lower House. Voters of each state chose the House of Reps, Legislatures chose the Senate

What to do with Slaves? Southerners want slaves to count to boost their population The 3/5 Compromise = 3/5 of a state’s slave population counted toward overall population for House of Reps

Checking For Understanding What was the first government set up after the revolution? Articles of confederation What were some problems with that government? Weak- no power It lacked elasticity Hard to change No court system No leader

Checking For Understanding Which plan of govt was favored by states w/ small populations, w/ large populations? Small states: New Jersey Plan Large states: Virginia Plan How were the slaves counted when it came to representing them for population purposes? 3/5 compromise counted 3/5 of a state’s slave population

Comparison: A of C vs. Constitution

The New Constitution-Division of Powers The new government divided powers between the state (local) and federal (national) governments. Federal powers = delegated, or enumerated powers Include control of foreign affairs and trade between states State’s powers = reserve powers Include providing education Powers of taxes and courts are held on both levels

Separation of Powers Three branches of government Legislative  makes laws Executive  carries out laws Judicial  hears cases based on breaking those laws Checks and Balances prevented one branch from dominating the other two

3 Branches of U.S. Government

Changing the Constitution Constitution is flexible and can be changed through the amendment process

Ratifying the Constitution Constitution had to be ratified by 9 of 13 states (approved) to take effect Federalists- people who supported a federal government (Constitution) Knew the nation needed a strong central government in order for the nation to be effective Anti-Federalists- people who went against a federal government (Constitution) Feared that a federal or national government would have too much power (King)

Checking For Understanding What were supporters of the constitution called? Federalists What were opponents of the constitution called? Anti-federalists

Road to Ratification Originally, no bill of rights in Constitution A bill of rights is a formal summary of citizens’ rights and freedoms Anti-federalists wanted a bill of rights added to ensure personal freedoms; they got it in exchange for a vote ratifying the Constitution

Adoption of a Bill of Rights 12 amendments submitted 10 passed and added to the Constitution as the Bill of Rights The first 8 are about the personal liberties the states had requested 9th makes clear people’s are not restricted to those mentioned in the Constitution 10th clarifies that people and states have all powers not mentioned held by the federal government in Constitution Originally, the Bill of rights did not apply to everyone Native Americans and Blacks were excluded from these rights Women were not mentioned

Continuing Relevance of the Constitution A living document- changes with the times Elasticity clause in Article I Section 8 allows it to be a living document Expands the powers of the government for unforeseen circumstances

Establishment & Free Exercise In 1st Amend. It states that the government cannot establish a national religion Free Exercise In 1st Amend. Allows individuals to freely practice any religion in the U.S. as long as it does not violate any laws.

#4 Ch 2 S 3 Details: Visit Teacherweb.com for details Notes & Read Ch 2 S 3 All Margin ?s: B-F (5) Visit Teacherweb.com for details Test planned for Thursday, go study!!!!