Ischemic preconditioning is not cardioprotective in senescent human myocardium Babett Bartling, PhD, Ivar Friedrich, MD, Rolf-E Silber, MD, Andreas Simm,

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Ischemic preconditioning is not cardioprotective in senescent human myocardium Babett Bartling, PhD, Ivar Friedrich, MD, Rolf-E Silber, MD, Andreas Simm, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 76, Issue 1, Pages 105-111 (July 2003) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00186-3

Fig 1 Ischemic preconditioning in isolated right atrial human myocardium from adult group (top) and senescent group (bottom) of coronary artery disease patients. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p less than 0.05, **p less than 0.01 versus individual control. Open boxes = ischemic control; solid boxes = 5-minute ischemic preconditioning. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 76, 105-111DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00186-3)

Fig 2 Functional recovery of preconditioned atrial trabeculae of adult group (left) and senescent group (right) coronary artery disease patients after simulated ischemia versus patients’ Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) stage angina pectoris and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF, ≤ 60% versus > 60%). Mean data ± SEM. **p 0.01 or less versus nonpreconditioned individual control; #p = 0.05 between control data. Open bars = ischemic control; hatched bars = 5-minute ischemic preconditioning force recovery after 40 minutes of reoxygenation. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 76, 105-111DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00186-3)

Fig 3 Influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) therapy and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF, ≤ 60% versus > 60%) on postischemic contractile force of preconditioned atrial myocardium of adult group (top left) and senescent group (top right) coronary artery disease patients. Mean data ± SEM. **p 0.01 or less versus nonpreconditioned individual control; (#)p = 0.06 between control data. (Lower panel) ACE-I negative (neg.) (left) and ACE-I positive (pos.) (right). Open bars = ischemic control; hatched bars = 5-minute ischemic preconditioning force recovery after 40 minutes of reoxygenation. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 76, 105-111DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00186-3)

Fig 4 (Top panel) Total postreoxygenation (reoxy.) level of 18S rRNA and β-actin mRNA, adult and senescent groups, in preconditioned atrial myocardium and nonpreconditioned controls in comparison with superfused samples that were not subjected to ischemia (nonischemic controls, n = 7). Cross-hatched bars = nonischemic control; open bars = ischemic control; hatched bars = 5-minute ischemic preconditioning. (Middle panel) Graphics demonstrate the total and 18S rRNA-, β-actin-normalized expression of Hsp70 mRNA in adult and senescent patients (n = 15 each group; left = total Hsp70 mRNA; right = relative Hsp70 mRNA). (Lower panel) Amount of Hsp70 mRNA in preconditioned myocardium relates to the improved contractile force after ischemic pretreatment (Δ = subtractive difference between data of preconditioned and nonpreconditioned samples). r and p are the results of a linear regression analysis (r = coefficient of correlation; p = statistical significance value.) All values are means ± SEM; *p less than 0.05, **p less than 0.01, and ***p less than 0.001 versus control. Solid circles = senescent group; open triangles = adult group. (RT-PCR = reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 76, 105-111DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00186-3)