Bell Work Has the government of the United States been influenced by the governments of other countries and/or civilizations?

Origins of U.S. Government The student will demonstrate knowledge of the political philosophies that shaped the development of Arizona and United States constitutional governments.

Greeks

Roman Republic

English Petition of Rights England Magna Carta English Petition of Rights English Bill of Rights

Classwork Magna Carta Activity

Bell Work How did the Magna Carta, Greece, the Roman Republic, and the English Bill of Rights influence the founders when they formed the United States?

Early Colonial Governments Charters of the Virginia Company of London State Constitutions Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Civil Liberties

Important Thinkers John Locke (1632-1704) Social Contract Unalienable Rights Thomas Hobbes Limited Government

Montesquieu (1689-1755) Separation of powers Voltaire (1694-1778) Free Speech Rousseau (1712-1778) Direct democracy All men equal

Individual Freedoms Virginia Declaration of Rights George Mason Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom Thomas Jefferson Separation of Church and State

Homework Quickwrite: Which of the thinkers that we just spoke about do you feel has the most important idea about government? Justify your answer. Which of the thinkers that we just spoke about do you feel has the least important idea about government? Justify your answer.

Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson John Adams Roger Sherman July 4, 1776 Robert Livingston

“…a loose union of the states under the authority of the Congress.” Our new government under the Articles of Confederation took effect in 1781. “…a loose union of the states under the authority of the Congress.”

May 25, 1787 - 55 delegates met in Philadelphia to discuss fixing the Articles

The Virginia Plan Edmund Randolf James Madison Bicameral legislature based on population Three separate branches Strong executive James Madison

Unicameral legislature with equal representation William Paterson The New Jersey Plan Unicameral legislature with equal representation Weak executive

The Great Compromise Bicameral Legislature – Congress Based on population Elected directly 2 from each state Elected by state legislature Majority vote in both houses to pass laws

They avoided a too-powerful central government by establishing three co-equal branches…

…with a system of checks and balances among them.

Federalism at work

The Three-Fifths Compromise

Federalists Favored a strong national government that shared some power with the states

Lee Henry Anti Federalists Jefferson Samuel Adams

United States Constitution

3 parts to the U.S. Constitution: Preamble - introduction Articles - 7 Amendments - 27

Organization of Congress Article 1 Legislative Branch Organization of Congress

Article 2 Executive Branch The Presidency

Constitutional Courts Article 3 Judicial Branch Constitutional Courts

Relations between states Extradition & Reciprocity Article 4 Relations between states Extradition & Reciprocity

Amending the U.S. Constitution Article 5 Amending the U.S. Constitution

Article 6 National Supremacy

Ratification of U.S. Constitution Article 7 Ratification of U.S. Constitution

First Ten Amendments to the Constitution 1789 The Bill of Rights

1st Amendment Freedom of: Press Speech

Religion

Petition the Government Peaceful Assembly Petition the Government

2nd Amendment Right to bear arms

3rd Amendment Can’t be forced to house troops

Protection against unreasonable search & seizures 4th Amendment Protection against unreasonable search & seizures

5th Amendment Rights of the accused

6th Amendment Trial Procedures Speedy trial Right to a lawyer

Jury trial in civil cases 7th Amendment Jury trial in civil cases

No cruel or unusual punishments No excessive bails, fines 8th Amendment No cruel or unusual punishments No excessive bails, fines

Rights not denied the people 9th Amendment Rights not denied the people

Rights reserved for the states 10th Amendment Rights reserved for the states

The Rest of the Amendments

11th Amendment Suits against states

Separate Votes for President and Vice-President 12th Amendment Separate Votes for President and Vice-President

13th Amendment Abolition of slavery

Equal Protection Clause 14th Amendment Defines citizenship Due process of law Equal Protection Clause

African-American male suffrage 15th Amendment African-American male suffrage

Permanent federal income tax 16th Amendment Permanent federal income tax

Direct election of Senators 17th Amendment Direct election of Senators

Forbid the manufacture, sale, or distribution of alcohol 18th Amendment Forbid the manufacture, sale, or distribution of alcohol

19th Amendment Women’s suffrage

20th Amendment Lame duck amendment

21st Amendment Repeal of Prohibition

Presidential term limit 22nd Amendment Presidential term limit

23rd Amendment 3 D.C. electors

24th Amendment Abolished poll taxes

25th Amendment President Vice-President Speaker of House President pro-tem Secretary of State

26th Amendment Voting age from 21 to 18

27th Amendment