State Superintendent’s Advisory Committee on 4-Year-Old Kindergarten May 15, 2017 FIND PICTURE!

What’s New in 2016-17? Serving 48,764 students 397 4K programs… Up from 48,109 last year Estimated to be more than 75% of Wisconsin’s age-eligible children 397 4K programs… 3 new this year 3 more anticipated for 2017-18 122 using Community Approaches

4K Opportunities Major takeaways: 97% of Wisconsin’s children reside in a district offering 4K. More than half of those children reside in districts utilizing a 4K Community Approach (4KCA).

4K Opportunities The 4K Community Approach (4KCA) is used in less than half of districts.

4K Opportunities The districts that use the Community Approach tend to be more populous. * These numbers are estimates based on 5K population

4K Enrollment Major takeaways: Enrollment in public school in 4K is normalizing across the state. Demographically, 4K and 5K students look identical. * These maps represent the percentage of 5K students by county who first enrolled in 4K.

4K Enrollment Nearly 80% of Wisconsin children enter public school in 4K. 5K Only 4K & 5K

4K Enrollment 4K enrollment has been demographically stable since 2010. More racially diverse than Census estimates would suggest. 4K participation is consistent with 5K enrollments. 2015 Census Estimates

4K Enrollment Participation in 4K isn’t lower among economically disadvantaged students; they just are not identified as FRL-eligible until the following year. Adjusted FRL status leads FRL status by 1 year where available. FRL as Reported Adjusted FRL

4K Enrollment In the past, economically disadvantaged students enrolled in 4K at higher rate than their peers. This trend has since equalized. * Unless otherwise noted, all subsequent slides referencing economic status use the adjusted FRL indicator. 4K Adj. FRL 5K FRL

4K Enrollment Students with disabilities are identified and enroll in 4K at the same rate as 5K. 4K 5K

4K Enrollment Participation in 4K is fairly consistent across district poverty rates. 5K Only 4K & 5K

4K Attendance Major takeaways: 4K students attend school more consistently than students in subsequent grades. Habitual truancy is most common among historically marginalized populations.

4K Attendance 4K students are consistently less likely to be habitually truant (absent >= 10 days per school year) than their 5K peers. 5K Truancy 4K Truancy

4K Attendance Absenteeism most commonly affects students of color. This correlates heavily with economic status. Mean

4K Attendance Chronic absenteeism is most common among economically disadvantaged students. Economically Disadvantaged Not Economically Disadvantaged

4K Attendance Students with disabilities are more frequently truant than their non-disabled peers. Students with Disabilities

4K Attendance Districts with large economically disadvantaged populations tend to experience the largest truancy problems. * Blue points represents districts with a majority of students with races / ethnicities other than white

4K Suspensions Major takeaways: A lot of progress has been made to decrease early childhood suspensions. Wisconsin’s EC suspension rates remain higher than the national average.

4K Suspensions Early childhood suspensions are on the decline. 5 Year Old Kindergarten

4K Suspensions Milwaukee and Madison are top contributors *Calculated by multiplying change in suspension rates with student population Milwaukee most improved district *Greatest decrease in suspension rate since 2011 among districts with a minimum combined 4K and 5K cohort of 100 students

4K Suspensions Black students continue to be the most affected by early childhood suspensions. These rates far exceed most estimations of the national average. Black Hispanic White

4K Suspensions Black and Hispanic students also receive longer suspensions on average.

4K Suspensions Suspensions among males consistently outnumber those of females at a rate of 4:1.

4K Suspensions Suspensions among students with disabilities are on the decline. * Note: because suspensions can lead to the implementation of IEPs for emotional and behavioral challenges, there is some endogeneity to these indicators. Students with Disabilities Students without Disabilities

4K Suspensions Suspensions among economically disadvantaged students are also on the decline. Economically Disadvantaged Not Economically Disadvantaged

4K Suspensions Districts with large populations of economically disadvantaged students tend to have the highest suspension rates. These districts’ efforts are to thank for the state-wide decline. * Blue points represent districts with a majority of students with races / ethnicities other than white.

4K Retention Major takeaways: 4K retention (enrolling in 4K for two consecutive years) continues to be a problem. It is disproportionately extended to white students. Retention among students with disabilities is on the decline.

4K Retention Retention in 5K has fallen as enrollment in 4K increased. Too early to say if 4K retentions are on the decline. 5 Year Old Kindergarten 4 Year Old Kindergarten

4K Retention White students are much more likely to spend multiple years in 4K. White Other Races

4K Retention 4K retentions among students with disabilities are at an all-time low. Students with Disabilities Students without Disabilities

4K Retention There is no clear relationship between economic status and early childhood retentions. Economically Disadvantaged Not Economically Disadvantaged

4K Retention Small districts with predominantly white student populations are the most likely to allow a child to repeat 4K. Majority White Majority Other Races

References Wickham, Hadley & Winston Chang. (2009). ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag New York. Version 2.2.1. URL: https://cran.r- project.org/web/packages/ggplot2/index.html R Core Team (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Version 3.3.3. URL: www.R- project.org. United States Census Bureau (2010). Wisconsin Quick Facts, Race and Hispanic Origin. URL: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/55,00. Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction (2017). Wisconsin Information System for Education (WISEdash) Database. URL: https://dpi.wi.gov/wisedash.