States of Matter and Heat

Bell Ringer How many states of matter exist on Earth? Describe each one.

4 States of Matter SOLID GAS LIQUID PLASMA Definite Shape Definite Volume 4 States of Matter GAS Indefinite Shape Indefinite Volume LIQUID Indefinite Shape Definite Volume PLASMA Matter made of positively and negatively charged particles Most of universe

Foldable

Phase Change The reversible change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another

What are the Phase Change? Condensation Gas to Liquid Deposition Gas to Solid Sublimation Solid to Gas Melting Solid to Liquid Freezing Liquid to Solid Vaporization Liquid to Gas

Practice Time

Temperature & Phase Change As a phase change occurs, temperature remains the same

Phase Change Diagram Solid State Phase Change Liquid State Gas State

Practice Time

Exit Ticket What are the 4 states of matter? Give an example of each.

Bell Ringer Describe what is happening at each of the following steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

End of Day One

Endothermic vs. Exothermic System that absorbs energy/heat from its surrounding Phase Changes: melting, sublimation, vaporization Exothermic System that releases energy/heat to its surrounding Phase Changes: freezing, condensation, deposition

Temperature Indicators Boiling Point When liquid goes to a gas 100ºC for water Freezing Point When liquid goes to a solid 0ºC for water

Evaporation or Boiling --Vaporization can be evaporation or boiling Liquid to gas At temperatures above the boiling point At the bottom Liquid to gas At temperatures below the boiling point At the surface

Lab Time

Exit Ticket How can we tell the difference between evaporation and boiling? In an endothermic reaction, heat is ___________.

Bell Ringer What do you think heat is? How is it transferred?

END DAY TWO

What is Heat? Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature difference. Most objects expand when exposed to heat Flows from hot objects to cold objects

What is Temperature? Measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a reference point. As temperature increases, the particles move faster Instrument: THERMOMETER Measures thermal expansion

Thermal Energy Total potential and Kinetic energy of all the particles in an object. Depends on the mass, temperature and phase of an object. As temperature rises, thermal energy rises too.

How do you think heat is transferred? Activity Time

Conduction The transfer of thermal energy with no overall transfer of matter. Objects are touching Conduction occurs in solids, liquids, and gases. EX: Touching a hot metal spoon

Convection Transfer of thermal energy when particles of a fluid move from one place to another. Usually in liquids and gases because they flow easy Ex: boiling water

Radiation Transfer of energy by waves moving through space. All objects radiate energy As temperature increases, the radiate energy increases Ex: The Sun

Now let’s watch this! Bill Nye the Science Guy - Heat

Exit Ticket What are the three ways energy is transferred? Give an example of each. Try to come up with an example we didn’t talk about. Heat flows from _______ to ________.

End of Day Three

Bell Ringer Explain the three mechanisms for heat transfer. Give an example of each.

Specific Heat The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree Celsius. The lower a material’s specific heat, the more its temperature rises when a given amount of energy is absorbed by a given mass

Heat of ______ of water Fusion Solid to liquid 334 J/g Vaporization Liquid to gas 2260 J/g

Calorimeter An instrument used to measure changes in thermal energy Uses the principle that heat flows from HOT to COLD

Conductors vs. Insulators Materials that conducts thermal energy well. Ex: wire rack in an oven Pots and pans Insulators A material that conducts thermal energy poorly. Ex: Wooden spoon Air

Lab Time

Heat Design Project

Exit Ticket Explain the difference between a conductor and an insulator. Give at least three examples of each.

End of Unit