Quick Quiz Define the term ‘group’ Describe the model of group formation Describe Stenier’s model of group effectiveness What is the Ringlemann effect? What is social loafing?

Psychological factors affecting performance Sports Psychology Goal setting

Learning Objectives Learning Objective: Understand the importance and effectiveness of goal setting Learning Outcomes: All: Describe SMART goal principle Most: Explain how SMART goals can be applied to improve performance Some: Apply effective SMART goals to a variety of sporting examples

Key Terms Outcome goal Performance goal Process-oriented goal SMART Specific Measurable Achievable Recorded Time-phased

Key Terms Outcome goal - Related to the end result e.g. winning the league Performance goal - Concerned with performance judged against other performance e.g. beating a pb Process-oriented goal - Concentrate on the performer’s techniques or tactics – what they have to do to be more successful e.g. tuck tighter in a somersault to get a better rotation. SMART Specific - goals must be clear – stating exactly what you want to achieve Measurable - goals must be assessed e.g. run 100m in 13s Achievable - all interested parties have a common purpose and they are realistic to the performer, they can actually be reached. Recorded - written down so that progress can be monitored Time-phased - split into short and long term goals, given an end date to be achieved by.

Why set goals? It directs attention – improve focus Regulates effort – ensure no wasted effort on activities that are unnecessary Motivation - ensures sustained effort until the goal is reached, that they don’t give up easily Develop strategies to reach goals

SMART Specific – goals must be clear – stating exactly what you want to achieve Measurable – goals must be assessed e.g. run 100m in 13s Achievable – all interested parties have a common purpose and they are realistic to the performer, they can actually be reached. Recorded – written down so that progress can be monitored Time-phased – split into short and long term goals, given an end date to be achieved by.

Types of goal Outcome goal Performance goal Process-oriented goal Related to the end result e.g. winning the league Performance goal Concerned with performance judged against other performance e.g. beating a pb Process-oriented goal Concentrate on the performer’s techniques or tactics – what they have to do to be more successful e.g. tuck tighter in a somersault to get a better rotation.

Exam Questions June 2016 - 3a – Explain why goal setting is important for sports performers (4) June 2013 – 3a – Using examples, explain why goal setting is important in sustaining a balanced, active and healthy lifestyle. (4)