Genesis 1:26 26 And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.

DNA Technology Timothy G. Standish, Ph. D.

What is DNA Technology? Technology = The application of science in industry and/or commerce. Because DNA is the genetic material, manipulation of DNA (genetic engineering) allows the modification of organisms in such a way that they are more valuable than they were in their natural state.

Products of DNA Technology Recombinant organisms - Some examples: Herbicide-resistant soybeans Super tomatoes Natural products produced by recombinant organisms: Humulin - Human insulin produced in cell culture Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA) Engineered products produced by recombinant organisms: Amplitaque - A modified DNA polymerase Information: Genetic testing for identification of diseases, individuals etc... DNA sequencing

A Short History 1869 - Miescher isolated DNA for the first time 1944 - Avery et al. provided evidence that DNA is the genetic material 1953 - Watson and Crick described the double helix structure of DNA 1957 - Kornberg discovered DNA polymerase 1961 - Marmer and Doty discovered DNA renaturation 1962 - Arber, Nathans and Smith discovered restriction endonucleases 1966 - Nirenberg, Ochoa, and Khorana figured out the genetic code.

A Short History Cont. 1967 - Geller discovered DNA ligase 1972-73 - Boyer, Cohen and Berg develop DNA cloning techniques 1975 - Southern developed gel-transfer hybridization 1975-77 - Sanger and Barrel and Maxam and Gilbert developed DNA sequencing methods 1981-82 - Palmiter and Brinster produced transgenic mice, Spradling and Rubin produced transgenic fruit flies 1985 - Mullis and colleagues invented the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

and grow up bacteria with clone of interest Strategy Extract DNA Fragment DNA Insert into vector DNA Library in bacteria Screen library and grow up bacteria with clone of interest

The End