Make a chart depicting the social hierarchy in Latin America. Hint: refer to Chapter 15
Why would creoles despise peninsulares? (645) Why would mulattoes and mestizos be resentful? (645) What else caused Latin America’s rebellions? (Page 646)
Hispaniola (Haiti) Sugar Plantations 1798 Toussaint L’Ouverture (former slave) leads rebellion France, Spain, and Britain send armies against rebels 1802 Napoleon captures Toussaint 1804: France surrenders (yellow fever) 1820: Haiti becomes republic
Mexico/Central America Father Miguel Hidalgo: “el Grito de Dolores” Support: mestizos and Native Americans Creoles oppose
Mexico/Central America Father Jose Morelos (mestizo) Abolish slavery, vote to all men 1815: killed
Mexico/Central America 1820: Spain has new constitution Agustin de Iturbide: creole 1821: Creoles, mestizos, and Native Americans overthrow Spanish viceroy United Provinces of Central America
Venezuela and Gran Columbia Simon Bolivar: Creole Creates republic in Venezuela (lead to civil wars) Marches across Andes, attack at Bogota (capital of Columbia) “the Liberator”
Jose de San Martin Home country: Argentina Creole Defeats Spanish in Chile
Dom Pedro Brazil Peninsulares Emperor of independent Brazil Accepts constitution