March 29, 2011 Objective: TSW identify events of the Cold War by taking notes, Hook: Describe Europe after WWII by using ALL of the following terms: Germany United Nations Marshall Plan Communism Berlin Wall

The Cold War

Origins of the Cold War The Cold War lasted from the end of WWII until the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Cold War: competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for CONTROL

Differences The United States The Soviet Union Political System Economic System Why were they angry with each other? Democratic Capitalist (free market) The U.S. feared communism The USSR dropped out of WWI The USSR signed a nonagression pact with Hitler Totalitarian Communist (socialist) The U.S. did not tell the USSR about the atomic bomb The Allies wanted to invade Germany in WWII The USSR was not invited to WWI peace conferences The United States and the Soviet Union represented starkly different fundamental values. The United States represented democratic political institutions and a generally free market economic system. The Soviet Union was a totalitarian government with a communist (socialist) economic system.

Containment Truman’s policy to stop the spread of communism, 1945 Truman Doctrine (1947) - $400 million in aid to Turkey and Greece to resist the spread of communism 1947-1950 - $660 million to Europe The Truman Doctrine of ―containment of communism‖ was a guiding principle of American foreign policy throughout the Cold War, not to roll it back, but to keep it from spreading and to resist communist aggression into other countries

Marshall Plan - 1948 U.S. gave money to Europe to rebuild after WWII and keep communism out!

Development of Competing Alliances NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - 1949 The Warsaw Pact - 1955 U.S. and Western Europe promise common defense If one is attacked, all are attacked USSR and Eastern Europe promised common defense The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed as a defensive alliance among the United States and western European countries to prevent a Soviet invasion of Western Europe. Soviet allies in Eastern Europe formed the Warsaw Pact, and for nearly 50 years, both sides maintained large military forces facing each other in Europe.

Europe was Divided after WWII

Cold War Changes The USSR exploded a nuclear device (1949) China became communist (1949) – Chinese civil war between Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai Shek ended, capitalist Chinese flee to Taiwan After the Soviet Union matched the United States in nuclear weaponry in the 1950s, the threat of a nuclear war that would destroy both countries was ever-present throughout the Cold War. The communist takeover in China shortly after World War II increased American fears of communist domination of most of the world. Rather than becoming strong allies, however, the communist nations of China and the Soviet Union eventually became rivals for territory and diplomatic influence, a split that American foreign policy under President Nixon in the 1970s exploited.

Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953) New policy of “massive retaliation” to deter any nuclear strike by the Soviets America, under President Eisenhower, adopted a policy of ―massive retaliation‖ to deter any nuclear strike by the Soviets.

North Korea (communist) invaded South Korea (capitalist) - 1950 U.S. became involved to contain communism. American troops in a U.S. led force, attacked North Korea Chinese troops entered on the side of North Korea Eventually ended with a stalemate

The Dot Game Everyone is either a dot or a non-dot. You may not reveal what is on your slip of paper.

The Dot Game Everyone is either a dot or a non-dot. You may not reveal what is on your slip of paper. You must ask others if they are dots or non-dots and then try to determine if they are telling the truth.

The Dot Game Everyone is either a dot or a non-dot. You may not reveal what is on your slip of paper. You must ask others if they are dots or non-dots and then try to determine if they are telling the truth or not. The object of the game if you are a non-dot is to be a part of the largest group of ALL non-dots.

The Dot Game Everyone is either a dot or a non-dot. You may not reveal what is on your slip of paper. You must ask others if they are dots or non-dots and then try to determine if they are telling the truth or not. The object of the game if you are a non-dot is to be a part of the largest group of ALL non-dots. The object of the game if you are a dot is to be the ONLY dot within a group of non-dots. If more than one group of non-dots is infiltrated by only one dot, the dot in the larger group will win.

Fear of Nuclear Attack The Arms Race American schools regularly held air raid drills ("duck and cover") train children what to do in case of a nuclear attack American citizens were urged by the government to build bomb shelters in their own basements Greenbrier Bunker

Fear of Spies Alger Hiss – accused of spying; convicted of perjury because it was too late to try him for spying Julius and Ethel Rosenburg – accused of selling atomic secrets to the Soviets; convicted and executed Soviets were able to construct nuclear weapons using technical secrets obtained through spying

McCarthyism McCarthyism – making false accusations based on rumor or guilt by association Senator Joseph McCarthy played on American fears of communism by recklessly accusing many American governmental officials and citizens of being communists based on flimsy or no evidence Many people lost their jobs and reputations because of his accusations

The Cold War made foreign policy a major issue in every presidential election during the period.