The Muslim World and Africa (730 B.C.–A.D. 1500) Lesson 8 Diverse Peoples and Traditions in Africa

The Muslim World and Africa (730 B.C.–A.D. 1500) Lesson 8 Diverse Peoples and Traditions in Africa Learning Objectives Identify the different ways that the family influenced medieval African cultures. Describe the variety of forms of medieval African governments. Understand the role of religion and art in medieval societies.

The Muslim World and Africa (730 B.C.–A.D. 1500) Lesson 8 Diverse Peoples and Traditions in Africa Key Terms nuclear family – Parents and children patrilineal – kinship ties are passed through the father’s side of the family Matrilineal - kinship ties are passed through the mother’s side of the family Lineage – A group claiming a common ancestor, a clan Consensus – Widespread agreement among all members of a group Griots – Professional storytellers of early West Africa

Many Cultures and Patterns of Life Across the immense African continent, a variety of cultures emerged, ranging from wealthy trading kingdoms to nomadic herding societies to small farming communities. As people adapted to different environments and landscapes, their ways of life differed. Across Africa, communities varied in size, economic activity, family patterns, and forms of government. Still, they all had these features as well as their own religious beliefs, art, and technology.

Many Cultures and Patterns of Life Early Communities Family Patterns Kinship Ties Wider Ties

Many Cultures and Patterns of Life This ornately crafted bronze wine bowl was made in eastern Nigeria around the 800s.

Government and Power Farming peoples generally lived in tight-knit communities and helped one another in tasks such as clearing the land, planting, and harvesting. Both men and women planted, but usually were responsible for different crops. Political patterns varied, depending in part on the size of the community that the land could support.

Government and Power Shared Power, consensus Kingdom of Kongo

Government and Power Traditionally, the position of village chief, such as the person pictured here, was an inherited title.

Religion Ancestor worship Belief that every physical object has a spirit Belief in a supreme creator above other gods and goddesses Diviners and healers Christians, Muslims and Jews living together as “people of the book”, and often these religions were combined with African traditions

Religion Traditional Beliefs – ancestor worship Christianity and Islam Spread

Religion Jews in many communities in Africa lived side by side with Muslims and Christians and worshiped in temples such as this one in Egypt.

Art and Literature African artistic traditions extend far back in time to the ancient rock paintings of the Sahara, which were created by about 1000 B.C., and the over-4,000-year-old pyramids of Egypt and Nubia. More recently, but still about 1,000 years ago, the rock churches of Ethiopia and the palace of Great Zimbabwe were built. These accomplishments bear lasting witness to the creative power of these early and medieval civilizations.

Art and Literature Visual Arts Literature – traditional in North Africa, Griots in sub-saharan Africa

Quiz: Many Cultures and Patterns of Life Belonging to a family or lineage was important because it A. strengthened community ties. B. determined that inheritance was traced through the mother’s side. C. stressed the role of the individual. D. divided community assets.

Quiz: Government and Power Which of the actions below would be consistent with achieving a “consensus” in an African village? A. A village debate on where a crop should be planted B. A group of men arguing over where to dig a well C. A chief deciding to attack a neighboring village D. A group of elders agreeing on a method of taxation

Quiz: Religion Which statement best describes why it is difficult to generalize about religious beliefs in medieval Africa? A. Those beliefs were either Islam or Christianity. B. Those beliefs were based on local language. C. Those beliefs were a reflection of local geography. D. Those beliefs were varied and complex.

Quiz: Art and Literature One of the ways African societies preserved their history was A. with elaborately woven tapestries. B. through folk tales written by scholars. C. with a common written language and compiled encyclopedias. D. through griots and epic stories.