Design for the Environment: EcoDesign of Consumer Products Author : Dr. L. Ramakrishnan, FIEMA, C.Env. Division: Philips Lighting, Asia Pacific Region Project Description : BCCI 11 April 2008

My sincere thanks to Dr. Prasad Modak who has kindly agreed to make this presentation on my behalf L. Ramakrishnan 10.04.2008

Environmental Issues of Products The number are increasing e.g. Computers in India: +/- 25,000,000 (growth: 25 % per year) A typical computer monitor with a cathode ray tube contains 2-4 Kg of Lead, as well as phosphor, barium and Chromium (VI) the chip resistors and semiconductors contain Cadmium; Mother Boards and connectors contain Beryllium Printed Circuit Boards and Plastics casing contain Brominated flame retardants (e.g. PBBE) Source: Worldwatch Institute INDSEARCH

Environmental Issues of Products Why ? Environmental Issues of Products The number of mobile phones in India: > 100,000,000 (growth: 40 % per year) Short Life; life-cycle toxic exposure are high Major hazards are the chips on the Printed Circuit Board, Liquid Crystal Display and the batteries; the hard plastics casing is generally not recyclable If 100,000,000 cell phones have to be disposed off that will add 23 tons of lead to the environment Source: Worldwatch Institute INDSEARCH

Why ? Environmental Issues of Products Materials used in Batteries Anode Material: Cadmium, Lead, Lithium, Metal hydride, Zinc Cathode Material: Active Carbon, Lead Oxide, Manganese Oxide, Nickel Oxide, Polycarbon monofluoride, silver oxide, mercuric oxide Electrolyte: Ammonium Chloride, Potassium Hydroxide, Sulphuric Acid, Zinc Chloride Casing and auxiliary materials: Iron/Steel, Copper/brass, plastics, paper, bitumen, tin Source: Worldwatch Institute INDSEARCH

Eco-Design: Design for Environment Design for energy efficiency Design for material efficiency Design for waste minimization Design for risk reduction Design for accident prevention etc. Design for disassembly Design for recovery and reuse

Six Focal Areas: Mass Energy Hazardous Substances Recyclability Packaging Mass Extended/Long Life

Reduced Mass means Less use of natural resources Less use of processing chemicals Less pollution during processing Less waste (including EOL) Less Packaging Less transportation pollution

Less Energy Consumption means Low Natural Resources Consumption Less GHG emission (Global Warming) Less consumption of Chemicals (Battery) Low waste generation (Battery)

Eliminating Hazardous Substances means Reduced health effects during manufacturing, use and disposal

Recycling Facilitates Extended material use Extended component/part use Reduction in depletion of resources Reduction in EOL waste Reduction in pollution

Packaging Mass Reduction Means Reduced consumption of resources Reduced transportation pollution Reduced Waste

Extended/Long Life means Extended use of resources Less EOL waste per unit time

Impact of Eco-Design an example……. Potted to open construction EM TL 40 W ballast…… 25 % Reduction in Power Loss 50 % Reduction in Mass For India alone this means a saving of: 390 tons of Copper per year 2460 tons of Iron per year 1020 tons thermoset PE resin per year 35 MW Power (approx 150 tons of CO2)

The Point is: A small change at the Design stage has far reaching environmental and economic consequences during the life cycle of the product; Eco-Design enables the integration of this concept into the product creation process

Environmental Performance – Philips Lighting Reduction of Mercury dose in 4’ Tube Lights

Environmental Performance – Philips Lighting Improvements in Energy Efficiency of Products 225 Low Pressure Sodium 200 175 High Pressure Sodium 150 125 Metal Halide Lamp Efficacy (lm/W) 100 Fluorescent Compact Fluorescent 75 50 Incandescent 25 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year

Green Flagship Product examples DECT 525 phone: Smart Choice Innergize: Relax and Revitalize                             Cosmopolis, energy efficient street lighting                             Mini MasterColor 20W: Thinking small so our customers can thing big Next to that – as part of our EcoVision program – we develop products for the advanced markets which take environmental aspects to a much higher level, and significantly improve on several green focal areas, like Lifetime Energy Saving Reduction of waste and hazardous substances To date Philips has introduced more than 160 Green Flagship Products to the market, which represent sales over 2 billion euro. Panorama 1.0T open MR system: The latest innovation in MR Breathtaking natural pictures This lead-free LCD TV uses 39% less energy 24% less packaging than our closest competitor

Thank You