What is Biology?
BIOLOGY the study of living things
5 Characteristics of All Living Things
5 Characteristics of Living Things Made of Cells Obtain & Use Energy Grow and Develop Respond to Environment Reproduce
Number of Cells Unicellular- one cell Multicellular- many cells
Plants: Photosynthesis Obtain and Use Energy Plants: Photosynthesis Animals: Cellular Respiration
Equation for Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O -------> C6H12O6 + 6O2 LIGHT Carbon Dioxide and Water react with light to produce glucose and oxygen
Equation for Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Glucose + Oxygen yield Carbon Dioxide, Water and ATP (energy)
Grow & Develop Metamorphosis Puberty Death
Respond to Environment Do what it takes survive & maintain homeostasis Ex. Put on a coat, plant bends toward the light
Types of Reproduction Asexual- one parent Sexual- two parents
Made of Cells
UNICELLULAR Made of just ONE cell
Made of more than one cell MULTICELLULAR Made of more than one cell
Figure 1.5 Eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus. Nucleus Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane bound nucleus. 1.45 µm 0.29 µm Nucleus
Reproduce
Two parents each provide a sex cell SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Two parents each provide a sex cell
Single organism reproduces without another ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Single organism reproduces without another
Grow and Develop
Grow and Develop Birth Growth Death
Obtain and Use Energy
Obtain and Use Energy Photosynthesis Cellular Respriation
Respond to their Environment
Respond to Environment Movement Behavior
Two parents each provide a sex cell SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Two parents each provide a sex cell
Single organism reproduces without another ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Single organism reproduces without another
Who are we? We need structure We need to reproduce We need to grow and develop We need energy We need to interact with the environment
Structure gives us function! We need structure Tissue Cell Structure gives us function! Organ Organelle Molecule Organism
We need to reproduce
We need to grow and develop
We need energy
We interact with the environment
What we will study: We need structure We need to reproduce Molecular structure: Cell We need to reproduce Genetics We need to grow and develop Cell growth/replication We need energy Cell metabolism We need to interact with the environment Cell sensing/membrane interactions Regulation
Who are we? Underlying theme: How are we different?
How are we the same? Same basic molecular make-up (atoms, compounds, macromolecules, etc…) Same genetic code:DNA Similar genesproteins Similar cell structure
How are we different? Evolution Simple Complex organisms More genes More proteins More enzymes Different genes Different proteins Different enzymes More and different organelles more and different cells more and different tissue more and different organs
Underlying theme: Evolution has created diversity Who are we? We need structure We need to reproduce We need to grow and develop We need energy We need to interact with the environment Underlying theme: Evolution has created diversity WE=ALL ORGANISMS
(where life is possible) (living and non living environment) (All organisms in a given place & time) (A group of the same type of organism living in the same place and time) (A living individual) (Organs connected physically or chemically that function together) (A structure consisting of tissues organized to carry out specific functions)
(The fundamental unit of life) (A collection of specialized cells) (A membrane bound structure within a complex cell) ( A small group of joined atoms) (The smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance or element)
The Cell Theory Pattern Component of the Cell Theory: a pattern observed in nature Cells are first described and identified – Hooke, 1665 and van Leeuwenhoek. Plant tissues composed of cells – Malphigi, 1670's Schleiden and Schwann – all organisms are composed of cells.
Figure 1.1 The first view of cells: Robert Hooke’s drawing from 1665 Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to view a single-celled “animalcules” in pond water.