Introduction Democracy and Civil rights are new Magna Carta-1215 – required King to consult an elected parliament Tutors (Elizabeth I) good – Stuarts bad Led to civil war – the a Republic – then the Glorious revolution and a Constitutional Monarchy

English Society in the 17th C 1600’s – England a Colonizing nation – population increase- entrepreneurs, business, trade and better agriculture. Society divided by Classes Upper- King, Nobles and Church Middle- merchants, landowners, manufacturers Lower- workers, peasants

Living 1st and 2nd class lived well, trade goods Skilled people joined Guilds (unions) Poor had little hope- poor nutrition No food refrigeration, massive use of spices to mask taste

Role of Religion England was Protestant – Church of England – King was the head of the Church Puritans – dissenting – Calvinists – church should be plain – sometimes toleration – sometimes illegal Business and small landowners

Witches Personification of the Devil – women Anyone that did not fit into society Ducked in water, thumbs to toes Hanged, burned, pressed to death, tar and feathered Good times…good times

Early Stuarts James VI of Scotland 1603 – James I of England Disliked English traditions Absolute monarchs – Divine Right But this would lead to fights with parliament – taxes, civil rights of the individual.

James I Good – King James version of the Bible But – incompetent, arrogant Always in a fight for money $$$ Dies after creating animosity between monarchy and Parliament Son – Charles I

Charles I Divine right – unwilling to compromise Was not a people person – spent a lot of $$$ on himself Wars with France and Spain were disasters – cost a lot of $$$

The fight with Parliament Charles had to get $$$ from Parliament Got it IF he would respect Parliament Tried to find ways of getting $$ without them Customs and ship fees Billeted soldiers with people to save $$ Sold titles Court of the Star Chamber

Parliament demanded the signing of the petition of right Charles refused – had the archbishop LAUD find ways of getting $$ - LAUD also over decorated the churches Puritans mad – attacked and damaged churches

Petition of Right 1628 During the reign of Charles I, there was accelerating political tension concerning the power of Parliament and the 'rights and liberties of the subject'. In 1628 the House of Commons drafted this petition proclaiming, among other things, the illegality of taxation without parliamentary consent and of arbitrary imprisonment.

The Long Parliament Charles then tried to force the Scottish to worship like the English Needed $$ to stop revolt – Short Parliament gave him nothing – the Long Parliament (13 years) gave $$ when Charles turned over LAUD (his buddy, whom they executed – nice guy) Split in Parliament – Radicals wanted to take away his power – others just wanted him to rule under the current laws

Charles believed that if he arrested the radicals, then he would regain total power Charles led 500 into the House of commons – the radicals escaped and Parliament began to raise an Army The Civil War was about to begin!

The Civil War Cavaliers vs. Roundheads (militia) Parliament controlled the Navy and the South $$$ - alliance with the Scots The New Model Army Oliver Cromwell leader wins Charles is captured

The Rump Parliament – Trial of the King Presbyterians – bring King back and make him follow rules Puritans – create a Republic and put the King on trial for Treason Charles found guilty Executed – shook all the monarchies of Europe to kill a King

The Triumph of Parliament Parliament had the army, so got rid of the Monarchy – many people did not like this Cromwell defeated Scottish and Irish resistance – brutally Cause of present day Irish tension

The Lord Protector Cromwell lacked patience with Parliament – kicked them out and was named Lord Protector – Dictator Divided the country into districts – ruled through Generals – Calvinist laws – Fun Police He had become what he was fighting against – died, his son a failure Republican experiment over! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FyQnEDt7eA

Now Parliament had to be restored or civil war again The Restoration Now Parliament had to be restored or civil war again 1660- invited Charles II back as King Insisted in a constitutional monarchy Charles agreed in public, but schemed in private. Tories-royal supporters Whigs- opponents of Catholic Monarchy Many drawn and quartered

Parliament passed the Test Act Made the church of England supreme No Catholics in public office Charles II died and his brother James II took over

The Glorious Revolution James- problem – Catholic Did not follow the Test Act Believed in the divine right Rebellions soon broke out 1688, Parliament invited James protestant daughter Mary, and husband William of Orange to become king and queen James left- new bill of rights- Parliament fully in charge Activity #5 – page 48