VI. Leavening Agents What are leavening agents and how do they work? 1. Leavening agent- a substance that triggers a chemical reaction causing a baked food to rise. 2. Leavening agents make most baked foods less compact and give them a softer texture.

3. Types of Leavening Agents A. Air- this is trapped in mixtures as they are beaten. All of the following add air to a baked food. 1.Creaming fat and sugar 2.Sifting flour 3.Adding beaten egg whites 4. When the mixture is heated, the trapped air expands and the food product rises. Example: Angel Food Cake

B. Steam- when a baked food contains high amounts of water, the water heats and turns into steam, which expands--- causing the product to rise. Example- popovers and cream puffs.

1. Example – bread, bagels, rolls 2. Yeast needs three things to grow: C. Yeast- this is a microorganism that produces carbon dioxide gas as it grows--- making the baked food rise. 1. Example – bread, bagels, rolls 2. Yeast needs three things to grow: Food (flour or sugar) Liquid Warm temperature

D. Baking Soda- when this comes in contact with an acid liquid (milk, buttermilk or yogurt) it produces carbon dioxide gas, making the food rise. Example =quick breads (muffins, cakes, pancakes, cookies and biscuits)

E. Baking Powder- this is made from baking soda but also has a powdered acid such as cream of tartar. When it comes in contact with liquid, it also produces carbon dioxide…. making the food rise. Example= quick breads (muffins, cakes, pancakes, cookies and biscuits)

Leavening Agents What are leavening agents and how do they work? _______________- a substance that triggers a chemical action causing a baked food to rise. Leavening agents make most baked foods less compact and give them a softer texture.

Types of Leavening Agents ______- this is trapped in mixtures as they are beaten. All of the following add air to a baked food. Creaming fat and sugar Sifting flour Adding beaten egg whites When the mixture is heated, the trapped air expands and the food product rises. Example: Angel Food Cake

______- when a baked food contains high amounts of water, the water heats and turns into steam, which expands--- causing the product to rise. Example- popovers and cream puffs.

Example – bread, bagels, rolls Yeast needs three things to grow: __________- this is a microorganism that produces carbon dioxide gas as it grows--- making the baked food rise. Example – bread, bagels, rolls Yeast needs three things to grow: Food (flour or sugar) Liquid Warm temperature

___________- when this comes in contact with an acid liquid (milk, buttermilk or yogurt) it produces carbon dioxide gas, making the food rise. Example =quick breads (muffins, cakes, pancakes, cookies and biscuits)

_____________- this is made from baking soda but also has a powdered acid such as cream of tartar. When it comes in contact with liquid, it also produces carbon dioxide…. making the food rise. Example= quick breads (muffins, cakes, pancakes, cookies and biscuits)