Civil Rights – Day 2 Relate how the Brown decision affected school segregation and exposed conflict over the segregation issue.

What president repealed Prohibition? Bell Work 2 Time Table Bell Work – 10 min. Lecture Notes – 25 min. Note Cards – 15 min. What president repealed Prohibition? Franklin D. Roosevelt What’s the point value of the letter “Q” in a game of scrabble? Ten “Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice. Justice at its best is love correcting everything that stands against love” Martin Luther King Jr.

The Civil Rights Movement In 1946, civil rights groups had urged president Truman to take action against racism. African Americans throughout the nation faced segregation in schools, on buses and discrimination in housing and employment. In areas, lynchings still occurred

Truman formed the Committee on Civil Rights. The Committees report documented wide-spread civil rights abuses. In response, Truman pushed Congress to pass an anti-lynching law and an anti-poll-tax measure. He also worked to end discrimination in federal agencies, such as by integrating the military. Many, specifically southerners were outraged at the push for civil rights. Think-Pair-Share: Why the fear over civil rights in the south?

Brown v. Board of Education The 1896 Supreme court decision Plessy v. Ferguson established the legality of “separate-but-equal”. The 1954 Brown v. Board case involved Linda Brown who could not attend the white school near her house, instead she was forced to travel a long distance to an all black school. NAACP lawyer Thurgood Marshall argued on Browns behalf influencing the courts unanimous decision. Separate was not equal.

The case saw resistance. One NAACP lawyer warned that there was a “difference between the law in books and the law in action”. What does this mean?

The Little Rock Nine Little Rock school board was the first in the South to announce that it would comply with the Brown decision. The plan was to set place in 1957 with nine African American students to enroll in the all-white Central High School.

Governor Orval Faubus spoke out against the plan and ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the Little Rock Nine from entering the school. Three weeks later, under court order, Faubus removed the National Guard. The students attempted again to enter the school and a white mob rioted. President Eisenhower ordered 1,000 federal troops to Little Rock and on September 25, 1957, under protection of soldiers, the Little Rock Nine finally entered Central High School.

It was a difficult year, Minniejean Brown was suspended for dumping food on a white boy who made a racist comment. Later she was expelled for responding to a student who called her a racial and obscene name. After that, students distributed cards that read, “One Down…Eight to Go”. Despite the extreme pressure, the other African Americans stayed. In May 1958, Ernest Green became the first African American student to graduate from Central High.

Governor Faubus ordered the shutdown of Little Rock public school system during the 1958-59 school year. He also helped establish a private school system for white students. Poor white and black student had no school to attend. Under court order, the schools reopened in 1959 and began to slowly desegregate.

Essential Question Speed Dial Cell Phone To what extent can legislation result in a positive change in racial attitudes and mores?

Note Cards - Urban Renewal Brown v. Board of Education Thurgood Marshall Little Rock Nine Rosa Parks Martin Luther King Jr. Civil Right Act of 1957 Félix Longoria League of United Latin American Citizens

Ticket Out How did the Brown decision expose and affect school segregation?