The Cell A Review

The Cell Robert Hooke discovered and named cells in 1665 the invention of the light microscope enabled scientists to view the cell and some of its larger organelles in the 1950’s, microscope technology changed electron microscope invented resolution is 1000x better than the light microscope could see smaller organelles

The Cell Cell Theory The cell is the smallest functional unit of life. All living things are composed of one or more cells. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

The Cell Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic Cell Size metabolism sets limits on cell size as an object increases in size, its volume increases more than its surface area a low surface area-to-volume ratio (SA/vol) → decrease in ability for a cell to exchange material with its environment a high surface area-to-volume ratio (SA/vol) → more exchange can occur more rapidly therefore, larger organisms don’t have larger cells, they have more little cells

The Cell Structures of the Cell Plasma membrane - the semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes

The Cell Structures of the Cell continued Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth) Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Microfilaments/microtubules

The Cell Structures of the Cell continued… Centrioles Cell Wall Chloroplasts Peroxisomes Differences between Plant and Animal Cells Transport Across Membranes: Active vs. Passive Endocytosis vs. Exocytosis Read pp. 152-161