Cell Cycle/Cell Division Mitosis and cytokinesis

Mitosis Growth – Somatic (body) cells undergo mitosis for growth. Maintenance – Somatic cells use mitosis to repair damage. Asexual Reproduction – Mitosis is the process used by some organisms to reproduce (budding,etc…)

Steps to Mitosis Interphase Steps to Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

Interphase 1- DNA replication 2- transcription and translation (normal cell growth)

Prophase Chromatins condense Nuclear envelope dissolves freeing DNA in the cell. Animal cells only: Centrioles form spindle fibers

Metaphase Metaphase Plate (chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell) Highly organized so that both new cells will get exactly the same DNA Spindle fibers completely attached to centromeres

Anaphase Paired chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides Each chromosome is an exact copy of one original chromosome. Each end is considered a polar end.

Telophase Chromatids end up at separate poles, spindle fibers begin to dissolve Nuclear envelopes begins to form Cell starts to pinch off through cytokinesis

Cytokinesis Division of all the rest of cellular organelles into two identical daughter cells. Animal Cells: Actin forms around the center of the cell and contract pinching off two cells. Plants Cells: New cell plate created between the two cells.

Mitosis Animation http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/cells3.html