Digital Computers Royal Institution Primary Maths Masterclasses How do you count on your fingers? Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! rigb.org @Ri_Science

Digital Computers Royal Institution Primary Maths Masterclasses How do you count on your fingers? Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! British Sign Language for 1-10 Image credits: dummies.com

Welcome to the Royal Institution Primary Mathematics Masterclasses Welcome to your first Royal Institution Masterclass. We hope that you will enjoy this series of workshops. Each time you will get to explore a different topic, so over the weeks you will get to see a little bit of all the wonderful and exciting things you can do with maths. We hope that at least one of the Masterclasses will make you want to investigate the topic further, and that you will get the chance to play with maths which you have not met before. You are part of a big family of Masterclass students – Royal Institution Masterclasses have been running for over 35 years with thousands of students taking part each year. If you attend enough sessions in the series you will get a special Royal Institution certificate, and if your Masterclass series is close enough to London you might be able to come and visit the Royal Institution for a special celebration of maths. If there are Secondary Masterclasses running in your area you might even get another chance to attend when you are in secondary school. Image credits: Tim Mitchell

The Royal Institution Inspiring everyone to think more deeply about science and its place in our lives The Royal Institution was founded in 1799 and has always been about connecting everyone with the world of science. This could be finding out how science is used in their everyday lives, or exploring the wonders and beauty of science and finding out how interesting it can be. Whenever we talk about science, we don’t just mean chemistry, physics and biology – we mean maths, engineering, computing, technology, medicine and more – all of these are important for all of us, and are also incredibly useful, creative and beautiful topics. We have always put on events and other activities for the public, but we have a long history of scientific research and discovery at the Ri too. Many famous scientists lived and worked over the Ri – 10 chemical elements were first isolated here, 14 scientists connected to the Ri have won Nobel Prizes, and some of the work discovered in the labs in our basement are still very much used today. One example is Michael Faraday’s work on electromagnetism, which forms the basis of every power station worldwide. You can find out more about our heritage on our website: www.rigb.org Image credits: The Royal Institution

Royal Institution activities Online videos & activity resources National education programmes Membership London-based: Talks and shows Holiday workshops Family fun days Faraday Museum Here are some of the things that the Ri does today. We especially have lots going on in London, so if you enjoy your Masterclasses there are a range of holiday workshops at the Ri which you might like to take part in. Image credits: The Royal Institution, Paul Wilkinson, Katherine Leedale

The CHRISTMAS LECTURES The CHRISTMAS LECTURES are the Ri’s most famous activity and are televised on the BBC. The first maths lectures by Prof. Sir Christopher Zeeman in 1978 started off the Masterclass programme! Christmas Lecturers include Michael Faraday, David Attenborough, Carl Sagan, Richard Dawkins, Alison Woollard, Saiful Islam & Alice Roberts Begun by Michael Faraday in 1825, the CHRISTMAS LECTURES are now broadcast on UK television every December and have formed part of the British Christmas tradition for generations. The Lectures have been broadcast on TV since 1936 – we think they were the very first science programme on television. The theme changes every year, with the Lectures delivered by an expert in their field. Many world-famous scientists have given the Lectures since 1925, including David Attenborough, Carl Sagan, Richard Dawkins, and our latest Lecturer Sophie Scott. You can watch all of the recent CHRISTMAS LECTURES on our website, along with many of the older ones – and more are going online all the time. Ri members and UK schools can apply for tickets to see them being filmed live – but no adults can attend without someone aged 11-17 accompanying them! To find out more about the Lectures (or Ri Membership) visit our website, www.rigb.org. The first mathematics CHRISTMAS LECTURES were not until 1978, and were delivered by Professor Sir Christopher Zeeman. They were extremely popular and demonstrated all sorts of mathematical concepts, including mathematical proof – some of which you will see in your Masterclasses. In fact, the lectures were so popular that they started off the Masterclass programme and Christopher Zeeman delivered many of the sessions in the first few series of workshops in London. The most recent maths-themed CHRSITMAS LECTURES were delivered by Marcus Du Sautoy in 2006. Watch Prof Sir Christopher Zeeman’s 1978 CHRISTMAS LECTURES: http://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/watch/1978/mathematics-into-pictures Watch Marcus du Sautoy’s 2006 CHRISTMAS LECTURES: http://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/watch/2006/the-num8er-my5teries/lecture-1   Image credits: Tim Mitchell, Paul Wilkinson

Royal Institution videos CHRISTMAS LECTURES – on the Ri website We have a huge video channel on YouTube – if you have five minutes or five hours, there is something to interest you if you like science and maths. We make short videos showing a variety of experiments and the science behind the everyday, animations on interesting topics and we film many of our talks in London. We also have a special series called ExpeRimental which is mainly for parents and carers, or older brothers and sisters, all about doing science experiments at home with their children or younger siblings. As has been mentioned, recent CHRISTMAS LECTURES are available on the Ri website alongside select past Christmas Lectures – more are being digitised all the time. To watch our videos you can search for the Royal Institution on YouTube.  We hope that you will be able to find lots of fascinating things to watch and to help you continue your interest in science and maths once your Masterclass series has finished.

Royal Institution videos CHRISTMAS LECTURES – on the Ri website Ri on YouTube – experiments, videos & talks for all ages We have a huge video channel on YouTube – if you have five minutes or five hours, there is something to interest you if you like science and maths. We make short videos showing a variety of experiments and the science behind the everyday, animations on interesting topics and we film many of our talks in London. We also have a special series called ExpeRimental which is mainly for parents and carers, or older brothers and sisters, all about doing science experiments at home with their children or younger siblings. As has been mentioned, recent CHRISTMAS LECTURES are available on the Ri website alongside select past Christmas Lectures – more are being digitised all the time. To watch our videos you can search for the Royal Institution on YouTube.  We hope that you will be able to find lots of fascinating things to watch and to help you continue your interest in science and maths once your Masterclass series has finished.

Royal Institution videos CHRISTMAS LECTURES – on the Ri website Ri on YouTube – experiments, videos & talks for all ages ExpeRimental – science experiments at home We have a huge video channel on YouTube – if you have five minutes or five hours, there is something to interest you if you like science and maths. We make short videos showing a variety of experiments and the science behind the everyday, animations on interesting topics and we film many of our talks in London. We also have a special series called ExpeRimental which is mainly for parents and carers, or older brothers and sisters, all about doing science experiments at home with their children or younger siblings. As has been mentioned, recent CHRISTMAS LECTURES are available on the Ri website alongside select past Christmas Lectures – more are being digitised all the time. To watch our videos you can search for the Royal Institution on YouTube.  We hope that you will be able to find lots of fascinating things to watch and to help you continue your interest in science and maths once your Masterclass series has finished.

1 2 3

1 2 3

1 2 3

‘five’ ‘fist’ vijf vuist pięć pięść Language vijf vuist Dutch pięć pięść Polish Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming!

Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming!

2 × 9 = ? 7 × 9 = ? 8 × 9 = ? Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming!

Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming!

10 10 9 9 8 8 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! 7 7 6 6

Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming!

(including touching ones) 8 9 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! count (including touching ones)

(including touching ones) 8 9 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! 7 count (including touching ones)

(including touching ones) multiply 8 9 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! 7 count (including touching ones)

(including touching ones) multiply 2 × 1 = 2 8 9 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! 7 count (including touching ones)

(including touching ones) multiply 10 10 9 9 8 8 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! 7 7 6 6 count (including touching ones)

10 8 × 7 = ? 9 7 × 9 = ? 8 6 × 7 = ? Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! 7 6

Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming!

Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming!

1 2 4 8 16 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming!

1 2 4 8 16 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! 6 = 2 + 4

1 2 4 8 16 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! 10 = 2 + 4 + 4 6 = 2 + 4

1 2 4 8 16 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! 10 = 2 + 8 6 = 2 + 4

4 2 8 1 16 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming!

1 2 4 8 16 ? ? ? ? ? Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming!

1 2 4 8 16 128 64 256 512 32 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming!

1 2 4 8 16 128 64 256 512 32 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! 1023

16 8 4 2 1 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming!

16 8 4 2 1 DECIMAL 1000 100 10 1 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming!

16 8 4 2 1 DECIMAL 1000 100 10 1 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

16 8 4 2 1 HEXADECIMAL 4096 256 16 1 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming!

16 8 4 2 1 HEXADECIMAL 4096 256 16 1 Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

Finger counting

Finger counting Maths tricks

Finger counting Maths tricks Mind reading

Finger counting Maths tricks Mind reading Binary and decimal

Try these as extra activities in class, or try them at home What else can I do to extend my knowledge? Try these as extra activities in class, or try them at home These are activities they can try at home, or can be given to pupils who finish the main activities. Learn about number bases nrich.maths.org/1368

Try these as extra activities in class, or try them at home What else can I do to extend my knowledge? Try these as extra activities in class, or try them at home These are activities they can try at home, or can be given to pupils who finish the main activities. Basically nrich.maths.org/829

Try these as extra activities in class, or try them at home What else can I do to extend my knowledge? Try these as extra activities in class, or try them at home These are activities they can try at home, or can be given to pupils who finish the main activities. Alien counting nrich.maths.org/5722

Try these as extra activities in class, or try them at home What else can I do to extend my knowledge? Try these as extra activities in class, or try them at home These are activities they can try at home, or can be given to pupils who finish the main activities. Back to the planet of Vuvv nrich.maths.org/1131

Royal Institution Primary Maths Masterclasses Digital Computers Thank you! Title slide, nice pictures to show what’s coming! rigb.org @Ri_Science