Cells and Tissues 20 slides

I. OVERVIEW OF THE CELLULAR BASIS OF LIFE CELL THEORY A. *Structural & Functional unit of life = B. *Activity of Organism depend on? C. Biochemical activity of cells: depends on the number and type of subcellular structures D. Cells are the basis for the continuance of Life

E. Complex Cells: all have 3 parts: what are they? *1. *2. *3. II. The Nucleus A. *Overall Function Name the 3 parts of Complex cells Describe the function and structure of the Nucleus, including the Nuclear Envelope, Nuclear Pores, & Nucleoli Figure 3.1a

B. Parts *1. Nuclear envelope define Structure Nuclear pores: II. The Nucleus … B. Parts *1. Nuclear envelope define Structure Nuclear pores: 2. *Nucleoli: define Function: 3. *Chromatin define *Made of what Biochemicals: What is Chromatin and how and when does it turn into Chromosomes? Chromatin

Plasma (Cell) Membrane II. The Nucleus … 4. Chromosomes: Plasma (Cell) Membrane Overall Function: Membranes are Selective Permeability B. Components– Fluid Mosaic Model 1. Double phospholipid layer tail to tail a. Two layers with nonpolar portions facing inward towards each other Chromatin Chromosome Outside Cell Inside Cell What is the Double Phospholipid Layer of the Plasma Membrane and how does it form the double layer

III. Plasma (Cell) Membrane … 1. Double Phospholipid b. Why layers form the boundary: *Hydrophilic = *Hydrophobic = *2. Cholesterol– function: *3. Proteins– functions: P What are the functions of Cholesterol, Proteins, & Glycoproteins in the Plasma Membrane

Plasma Membrane PLAY Membrane Structure Figure 3.2

C. Plasma Membrane Specializations 1. Microvilli Structure Function Cytoplasm & Organelles Cytoplasm = *Cytosol = Organelles = Cytoplasm

*Composed of what Biochemicals? ORGANELLES A. Mitochondria *Shape & Structure Function: Gas needed: Chemical produced: B. Ribosomes *Composed of what Biochemicals? Two Locations: Describe the Shape, Structure, & Function of Mitochondria Describe Ribosomes

D. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Structure: TYPES 1. Rough ER C. Vesicles = Types & Functions Transport Secretory Vesicles Lysosomes D. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Structure: TYPES 1. Rough ER *Structure: have ______________ embedded in them Function = Lysosome SecretoryVessicle Transport Vessicle

2. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum *Structure has No what? Functions E. Golgi Apparatus *Structure: ER works with Golgi Rough ER vesicle Golgi modifies Golgi Secretory Vesicle or Lysosome Rough ER Golgi apparatus

F. *Cytoskeleton: define Structure *Functions: G. Centrioles Location Structure: Functions: Figure 3.7a

H. Cellular Projections *General Structure; both types below have what common shape? *General Function: both types below can do what? TYPES Cilia *Specific Function: Flagella

V. Cell Diversity & Physiology A. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8a

B. Cell Physiology 1. Transport of Substances Across Cell Membrane a. Types of fluid in the body i) *Intracellular fluid = ii) *Interstitial fluid (extracellular) = PASSIVE TRANSPORT PROCESSES b. Simple Diffusion i) *Substances will diffuse from a __________To__________ concentration ii) Concentration Gradient: iii) Diffusion Through a Membrane– 2 ways (1) With no help Substances transported: what type? **

(2) Facilitated Diffusion: - Protein Carrier needed b. Simple Diffusion … iii) Diffusion Through a Membrane … (2) Facilitated Diffusion: - Protein Carrier needed - Substances transported: c. *Osmosis define d. Filtration Force Pores in membrane Pressure gradient *What organ uses filtration? Osmosis Figure 3.9 PLAY Diffusion

Substances: Amino acids, some sugars, ions Carrier Proteins = pumps e. Active Transport: Substances: Amino acids, some sugars, ions Carrier Proteins = pumps *Energy: what chemical? LOW to HIGH Outside Cell Na+ Na+ PUMP Na+ Na+ P Na+ P ATP ADP Inside Cell PLAY Active Transport

f. Vesicular Transport = i) *Exocytosis: define ii) *Endocytosis: define - Phagocytosis Exocytosis PLAY

Active Transport Processes: Exocytosis Figure 3.12b

2. Cell Life Cycle & Cell Division a. Interphase = Cell carries on metabolic processes and - DNA b. Cell division DNA Mitosis  Meiosis  3. Protein Synthesis Role of DNA Role of RNA

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