What secret society did Mazzini belong to? Unification of Italy What secret society did Mazzini belong to? ANSWER: Carbonari

Unification of Italy According to the conservatives in 1848, how should the government(s) on the Italian peninsula look? ANSWER: It should be a federation of Italian states ultimately ruled by the Pope

How did Cavour exemplify his belief in separation of Church and State Unification of Italy How did Cavour exemplify his belief in separation of Church and State ANSWER:He reduced political influence of the Church, He suppressed the Jesuit order, He increased Sardinia’s Secular military power through warfare (Crimea) and diplomatic power through peace conferences

What was Cavour’s secret agreement with Napoleon III? Unification of Italy What was Cavour’s secret agreement with Napoleon III? ANSWER: He agreed to drive the Austrians out of Italy with French help, And promised Nice and Savoy to France. These were French speaking Sardinian possessions

How did the war with Austria unite Italy? Unification of Italy How did the war with Austria unite Italy? ANSWER:After the war, many provinces insisted on being annexed to Sardinia. After some negotiation in which Austria maintained power, the Occupied areas insisted in holding a plebiscite…each region wanted unity With Sardinia.

What victories did Garbaldi have militarily? Unification of Italy What victories did Garbaldi have militarily? ANSWER: Sicily, Naples, Papal States. He promised loyalty to King Victor Emmanuel and asked to be governor of Naples. Victor Emmanuel Refused, fearing Garbaldi’s popularity.

Unification of Italy When did the majority of regions unite with Victor Emmanuel and Sardinia? ANSWER: 1861 at the meeting in Turin. Venetia was gained in 1866 after a war with Austria

Unification of Italy What happened in 1870? ANSWER: the City of Rome voted to unite with Italy and was proclaimed The Italian capital the next year.

The Unification of Germany Create an Episode chart to explain the events in Germany

Unification of Germany xxx

Unification of Germany Junker ANSWER:Group of aristocratic landowners Who campaigned for abolishing tariffs In the early 1800s

Unification of Germany Zollverein ANSWER:Customs union of most German states in 1834

Unification of Italy Treaty of Prague ANSWER:Agreement to end the Seven Weeks’ War in 1866 between Prussia and Austria

Unification of Germany The two legislative houses in Germany ANSWER:Bundesrat (upper house with 58 appointed members) Reichstag (legislative house or lower house)

Opposition to Bismarck Make a Cause – Effect Chart

Opposition to Bismarck Explain why it was an advantage for Germany to industrialize after Great Britain and France? ANSWER: could concentrate on gaining lands (through warfare) with rich resources. Could take advantage of machinery and processes already produced and perfect them. German scientists improved these techniques. Overall less investment, more advantage. Creating an industrialized Germany at the time Germany was uniting made sense. The creation of the country was similar to the running of a factory.

Program to force non Russians to adopt Russian ways Reform in Russia Program to force non Russians to adopt Russian ways ANSWER:Russification

one who holds Absolute power Reform in Russia one who holds Absolute power ANSWER: Autocrat

Reform in Russia Russian parliament ANSWER: Duma

Document that freed the serfs Reform in Russia Document that freed the serfs ANSWER: Emancipation Edict

Local Councils at provincial levels Reform in Russia Local Councils at provincial levels ANSWER: Zemstvos

Group that believed in destroying everything and starting anew Reform in Russia Group that believed in destroying everything and starting anew ANSWER: Nihilists

What was the effect of the Treaty of San Stefano? Unrest in Austria What was the effect of the Treaty of San Stefano? ANSWER: ???

Unrest in Austria Why did revolts in Russia fail, but revolts in Ottoman Empire lead to its decline? ANSWER: ???

Unrest in Austria What were the main events that led to the Dual Monarchy? What were the results? ANSWER: ???

TRUISM People who are Unifiers of nations often __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Examples:

TRUISM Lagging behind in the Industrial Revolution from the start is advantageous because __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Examples:

TRUISM Economic Unions preceding Political Unions equal __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Examples:

TRUISM Science and religion are the same in that they influence __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Examples:

TRUISM Racism, slaughter, genocide, and hatred are all historical concepts that __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Examples: