Cellular Pathology in 30 minutes

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Presentation transcript:

Cellular Pathology in 30 minutes Dr Paul Matthews September 2010

Dr Freddy Patel Mr Ian Tomlinson

What is a cellular pathologist/histopathologist? Doctors Make diagnoses and prognoses on human tissue Autopsy Surgical Resections Small biopsies e.g. endoscopy Tiny samples e.g. fine needle aspirate cytology

How do they do that? Macroscopy – naked eye Microscopy – light Funky stuff – immunochemistry, in situ hybridisation, PCR, flow cytometry

What sort of diagnoses? Broad categories Pathological process Not all require a biopsy diagnosis BUT…….

Pathological Processes Inflammation Acute Chronic Healing Thrombosis and Embolisation Atheroma Tissue adaptations Tumours

Inflammation Chanting is IMPORTANT!!! Tumor, Rubor, Calor, Dolor!! Swelling, Redness, Heat, Pain!! Acute and Chronic (short and long time)

Acute Inflammation

Acute Inflammation Dilated Vessels Leaky vessels Neutrophils Tumor, Rubor, Calor, Dolor!! Common examples; acute appendicitis, acute gastritis, pneumonia.

Chronic Inflammation Lymphocytes Macrophages Many causes e.g. infections, auto-immunity, idiopathic.

Chronic Inflammation

Healing and Repair Granulation Tissue Blood Vessels Connective Tissue and Cells Regeneration Scarring

Granulation Tissue

Thrombosis and Embolism Thrombosis: Formation of a blood clot within a closed vessel during life. Embolism: Mass, mobile in vascular system, capable of blocking vessel.

Thrombosis

Embolism

Atheroma Hardening of the arteries Heart Attacks Strokes Gangrenous Limbs Gangrenous Guts

Atheroma

Adaptations Stress Tissues e.g. more work, physical trauma? What do they do?

Adaptations

Tumours New Growth (Neoplasia) Tissue growth out of sync with adjacent tissue. Benign; Stays in the same place Malignant; Invades locally and spreads to distant sites (metastasis)

Benign Breast Tumour: Fibroadenoma

Malignant Breast Tumour; Breast Carcinoma

Metastases

Metastases

Summary Cellular/Histopathologists Diagnosis/Prognosis on Tissue Samples Pathological Processes Importance of Chanting!! T…., R…., C…., D….. Questions?