Human Computer Interaction CSIT-400 By: Mumtaz Ali Rajput

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Agenda Usability and Quality Interdisciplinary nature of HCI Disciplines contributing to HCI

Usability vs. Quality Usability is “Ensuring that interactive products are easy to learn, effective to user and enjoyable from the User’s perspective” Quality is the extent to which a software product exhibits the characteristics like: - Functionality - Reliability - Usability - Efficiency - Maintainability - Portability

Quality Quality is conformance to specifications Quality is conformance to requirements Quality is fitness for purpose or use Quality is a predictable degree of uniformity and dependability, at low cost and suited to the market Quality is synonymous with customer needs and expectations Quality is meeting the stated requirements of the customer and in the future

Quality Totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs (ISO)

Product A generic term that refers to - Goods - Services Failure to meet quality requirements in either dimension can have serious negative consequences

“Quality” an HCI perspective According to HCI perspective quality is not just Conformance of specification, conformance of requirement, or conformance of customer (could be one like: CEO, CIO) demands/expectations but rather it is something beyond these. In HCI terms it is actual need of the users (could be in thousands) Specification could be incomplete, or some key requirements could be missing

What HCI is about? HCI is concerned with: - Joint performance of tasks by humans and machines - Structure of communications between human and machine - Human capabilities to use machines - Algorithms and programming of interfaces - Engineering concerns in designing and building interfaces - Process of design, specification and implementation - Design trade-offs

Various Aspects of HCI Science Aspect: - Human capabilities to use machines Engineering Aspect: - Building interfaces Design Aspect: - Design tradeoffs The above mentioned indicates that HCI is a combination of several fields.

Human Side Aspects Cognitive Psychology - Understand Human Behavior - Notion of Information Processing - Everything you see, feel, touch, smell, taste is information processing Social Organizational Psychology: Nature and causes of human behavior in social context. It informs designers about social and organization structures and how computers will affect working practices

Human Side Aspects Four Core Concerns of Social Organizational Psychology : - Influence of One individual or another person’s attitude and behavior - Impact of a group on its member’s attitude and behavior - Impact of a member on group’s activities and structure - Relationship b/w the structure and activities of different groups

Human Side Aspects Ergonomics or Human Factors: To define and design tools and various artifacts for different work e.g., Hardware and software designs, VDU radiations Linguistics: scientific study of Languages so that natural language interfaces can be developed Philosophy, Sociology and Anthropology

Computer Side Aspects Computer Science Artificial Intelligence Engineering Design

Understanding interdisciplinary nature of HCI Case study of air line ticketing system: A ticketing company with many shops throughout the country with manual ticketing system. To compete the market they felt a need of installing an efficient ticketing system.

Requirements for ticketing system Immediate booking via Internet Automatic print-out of tickets, itineraries and receipts Direct connection between booking system and accounting system Elimination of booking forms

Consultant’s recommendations Layout of the agency needs to be changed for staff to operate computers Staff training Changes to job design Support to older staff during period of change

Factors in HCI Organizational Factors: - Training - job design - politics - roles Work organization Environmental Factors - Noise - Heating - Ventilation - Lighting

Factors in HCI Health Factors: - Stress - Headaches - Musculo-skeleton disorders The user - Motivation - Enjoyment - Satisfaction - Personality - Experience level - Cognitive processes and capabilities

Factors in HCI Comfort level Factors: - Seating - Equipment - layout User Interface Factors - Input/ Output devices - Dialogue structures - Use of colors/ Icons - Commands - Graphics and Multimedia - Natural language - User support material -

Factors in HCI Task Factors: - Easy - Complex - Novel - Task allocation - Repetitive - Monitoring - Skills - Multimedia

Factors in HCI Constraint Factors - Cost - timescale - budget - Staff - Equipment - Building structure System Functionality Factors: - Hardware - software - Application

Factors in HCI Productivity Factors - Increase output - Increase Quality - Decrease costs - Decrease errors - Decrease labor requirements - Decrease production time - Increase creative and innovative ideas leading to new products

Questions?