Comparison Between HSPA Family HSDPA ( 3.5G ) HSUPA ( 3.75G ) HSPA+ ( 3.75G+ ) Access Technique W-CDMA Modulation 16 QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM + MIMO Speed 3.5 Mbps 7.2 Mbps 28.8 Mbps

LTE ( 4G ) Long Term Evolution

Increasing the user through put QPSK 16QAM 64QAM 2*2 4*4

OFDMA Orthogonal freq. Division Multiple Access

OFDMA Advantages OFDMA Disadvantages Best Efficiency Anti Fading Increasing the SNR Increasing the No. of subscribers OFDMA Disadvantages 1- complexity 2- increasing the power average Ratio

SC-FDMA

MIMO

Decreasing the Latency Factor

LTE Specifications Digital technology Cellular concept SC-FDMA for UL & OFDMA for DL FDD & TDD Freq Band ( 2600 Mhz ) Bandwidth >= 20 Bandwidth on demand ch BW (1.25 , 5 , 10 , 15 , 20 )MHz Packet Switching VOIP (voice over internet protocol) IP V6 application (internet, intranet, video conference ,IPTV) MIMO ( 2*2 & 4*4 & 8*8 ) Modulation ( QPSK , 16 QAM , 64 QAM ) Cyclic prefix Inter system hand over Doppler freq. shift problem Connection between eNodeB’s

The Cyclic Prefix

LTE Network Structure

LTE Physical Layer