Animal Form & Function Homeostasis

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Presentation transcript:

Animal Form & Function Homeostasis AP & Pre-AP Biology Serrano High School

Definition Controlling the internal environment Maintenance of stable internal environment

Negative Feedback Response produced opposes stimulus Homeostasis restored

Positive Feedback Response produced reinforces stimulus Homeostasis not restored - disruption continues Rare Example – Childbirth

Mechanism Disruption detected by receptors Disruption Homeostasis Control Center evaluates information & directs response Effector produces response that restores homeostasis

Controlling Body Temperature Temperature receptors in skin & hypothalamus detect increase temperature Homeostasis Hot Day in the sun Control Center Hypothalamus Evaporative cooling Heat lost from skin Sweat glands increase secretion Blood vessels in skin dilate

Controlling Body Temperature Temperature receptors in skin & hypothalamus detect decrease temperature Homeostasis Cold day in January Control Center Hypothalamus Heat generated Heat conserved Muscles contract - Shiver Blood vessels in skin constrict

Controlling Blood Glucose Levels Blood glucose levels rise Eating an ice cream sundae Homeostasis Normal Glucose Levels Beta cells in pancreas release insulin Cells take in glucose Blood glucose levels drop

Controlling Blood Glucose Levels Blood glucose levels fall No breakfast today Homeostasis Normal Glucose Levels Alpha cells in pancreas release glucagon Breakdown of glycogen in liver & skeletal muscles Blood glucose levels increase

Controlling Blood Calcium Levels Blood calcium levels rise Got Milk & a whole mess of Ca2+ Homeostasis Normal Calcium Levels Thyroid releases calcitonin Ca2+ deposited in bone Kidneys reduce uptake of Ca2+ Blood Ca2+ levels drop

Controlling Blood Calcium Levels Blood calcium levels fall Milk – I’m supposed to drink milk? Homeostasis Normal Calcium Levels Parathyroid releases parathyroid hormone (PTH) Ca2+ released from bone Kidneys increase uptake of Ca2+ Blood Ca2+ levels rise