Part II Reforms to the end of the Terror The French Revolution Part II Reforms to the end of the Terror

The Declaration of the Rights of Man On August 27, 1789 The National Assembly signals the end of the Old Regime by giving equal rights to all French citizens Reflected Enlightenment ideas and the Declaration of Independence Stated that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights” and that “the aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural…rights of man” Didn’t apply to women Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

National Assembly vs. The Church Church lands were confiscated and sold to pay off enormous debts. Clergy became elected and were paid by the government, diminishing the power of the Pope. Peasants were shocked at the outrage and sided with their parish priests This would distance the peasants from the bourgeoisie

Limited Monarchy The National Assembly creates a limited constitutional monarchy. The King would enforce laws but the new Legislative Assembly would make the laws.

Louis Tries to Escape Louis knew that France was no longer safe Other members of royalty had fled the country Louis tried to escape but was captured and returned to Paris

Constitutional Monarchy Add this information underneath the section in your notes titled, “Louis Tries to Escape.” -Louis was forced to accept the constitution created by the National Assembly in 1791. -The Legislative Assembly convened in Oct., 1791.

The King accepting the 1791 Constitution

Political Spectrum in Legislative Assembly RADICALS MODERATES CONSERVATIVES Oppose the king & idea of monarchy. Want common people To have full power in the Republic. Big changes. Want some changes but not as many as the radicals Like the idea of a limited monarchy. Want a few changes in the government.

Legislative Assembly breaks into three groups with the radicals on the left, the moderates in the middle, and the conservatives on the right side of the meeting hall.

Emigres-Not in Legislative Assembly Nobles who had fled France during peasant uprisings They wanted a counter revolution that would restore the throne

Sans-Culottes-Not in Legislative Assembly Poor commoners(Wage-earners, small shopkeepers) Wanted lower food prices, improved economy. Exerted their power through political clubs, but not in Assembly Eventually contribute to the revolution turning radical

Add this information to your notes, underneath the words, “The End of Louis XVI” Radicals became more influential in the Legislative Assembly and convinced France to declare war on Austria in April, 1792. Prussia later joined Austria. In 1793, Britain, Holland, and Spain entered the war.

Why War? Austria had threatened to intervene in France to restore the monarchy. French radicals felt they needed to declare war against kings (tyranny). They wanted to save the revolution.

Add the information in yellow to the top of p. 11 in your notes. Four months later, the king’s palace in Paris was attacked and the king was imprisoned. The attacking mob blamed the king for treason.

End of Louis XVI Add the information in yellow to the top of p. 11 in your notes. After Louis was imprisoned, the constitution of the Legislative Assembly was destroyed. France then created a republic, headed by the National Convention.

Video Clip: End of the King

Add information in yellow. National Convention and Jacobins (1792) Radical political club, called Jacobins became more powerful. Had members in Legislative Assembly, but a radical faction of Jacobins grew more powerful in the National Convention. Most famous Jacobin: Robespierre. Jean Paul Marat one of the leaders edited a radical newspaper and used it t to get his message across; called for enemies of France to be beheaded. Another Jacobin: Danton (Robespierre later killed him during the Reign of Terror).

National Convention- End of Louis XVI find Louis guilty of treason, sentenced to death January 21, 1793 – Louis XVI beheaded

Reign of Terror (1793 - 1794) Threats to radical Jacobins: 1)Peasants angry about draft, beheading of king, treatment of clergy 2) Moderates (Girondists) 3) Rival leaders in provinces These threats cause them to try to strengthen their power through the Committee of Public Safety and Reign of Terror. Committee of Public Safety created Tries to wipe out all traces of monarchy and nobility Families changed names Decks of cards changed Calendar changed to be more scientific

Maximilien Robespierre Leader of the Reign of Terror 20,000 to 40,000 died, accused of being enemies of the republic Marie Antoinette was killed Robespierre’s death ended the madness

Video Clip: The Reign of Terror

After Robespierre Add the information in yellow to the section on Maximilien Robespierre. After the death of Robespierre, the National Convention shut down Jacobin clubs and ended price controls that had been created by the Committee of Public Safety. These actions caused inflation. Thus a Paris mob attacked the National Convention. Shortly after a group of royalists attacked the National Convention. France wanted a more moderate government.

Try, Try Again-1795 New government drafted (third since 1789) Power rested with upper middle class Created two-house legislature and executive body called Directory (five men) Found a military general to lead them in battle…..