Stroke after cardiac surgery: a risk factor analysis of 16,184 consecutive adult patients Jan Bucerius, MD, Jan F Gummert, MD, PhD, Michael A Borger, MD, PhD, Thomas Walther, MD, PhD, Nicolas Doll, MD, Jörg F Onnasch, MD, Sebastian Metz, MD, Volkmar Falk, MD, PhD, Friedrich W Mohr, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 75, Issue 2, Pages 472-478 (February 2003) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04370-9
Fig 1 Incidence of stroke in relation to different surgical procedures. See text for description of groups and significant p values. Grey bars: Total = whole study population; Beating Heart = all patients undergoing beating heart surgery (ie, OPCAB and MIDCAB together). Solid bars: discrete surgical interventions. (AV = aortic valve; CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; COMB = combined procedures; DV = double and triple valve; MIDCAB = minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting; MV = mitral valve; OPCAB = off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 75, 472-478DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04370-9)