Drosophila's View on Insect Vision Alexander Borst  Current Biology  Volume 19, Issue 1, Pages R36-R47 (January 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.001 Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Three different types of insect eye. (A) Apposition eye. (B) Superposition eye. (C) Neural superposition eye. (Modified after [5].) Current Biology 2009 19, R36-R47DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.001) Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Columnar cell types in the fly visual ganglia. Modified after [9]. Current Biology 2009 19, R36-R47DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.001) Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 The Drosophilist's armoury for circuit breaking. Using a cell-specific Gal4 driver line, the gene of choice (‘GeneX’) becomes activated in a neural subpopulation. Its gene product can be used either to optically indicate cellular activity, to activate the cells, or to suppress cellular activity or block synaptic transmission. Current Biology 2009 19, R36-R47DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.001) Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Phototransduction. (A) Current elicited by absorption of a single photon (upper trace: carp rod, lower trace: Drosophila R1; note different time- and amplitude scales). (B) Outer segment of Drosophila photoreceptor. (C) Important steps of the phototransduction cascade. See text for further details. Modified from [53] and [55]. Current Biology 2009 19, R36-R47DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.001) Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Examples for visually guided insect behavior. (A) Homing of desert ants (N = nest, F = food location, from [61]). (B) Zig-zagging of ground wasps (from [74]). (C) Chasing of houseflies (from [81]). (D) Optomotor responses of Drosophila around all three body axes (from [127]). Current Biology 2009 19, R36-R47DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.001) Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Functional role of L1 and L2 in motion vision. (A) In the lamina, R1–6 provide input to four different channels in parallel (L1-3, amc) while R7/8 bypass the lamina. (B) Head roll was tested around the yaw and the roll axis. (C) Necessity of L1 and L2: Using three different Gal4-driver lines, shibire is expressed in L1 and L2. Head movements are tested at permissive (left) and at restrictive (right) temperatures. Responses are zero in all experimental groups (brownish bars) and unaffected in control flies. (D,E) Sufficiency of L1 and L2: Restoring connectivity of L1 and L2 or in either L1 or L2 alone rescues optomotor response completely. (From [135].) Current Biology 2009 19, R36-R47DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.001) Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions