May 15, 2018 You need: Clean paper (2) / pencil HW: It FROZE, but felt WARM? How? Warm Up: Mental Math Quiz will begin shortly. Be ready! I CAN: describe how pressure and heat impact the weather and drive weather events.

Teacher workday Swagrrr No 7th test ELA 7 Math 7 Math I May 2018 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday   Forces and energy Magnets 1 Magnets / eclectricity 2 Electricity 3 Catch up 4 Review Test Assess MobyMax Milkshakes 5 6 7 Comp of Air Layers, Water Cycle 9 Atmosphere 10 11 12 13 Mother’s Day 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 No School Memorial Day 29 30 31 APRIL 30 Progress reports Teacher workday Swagrrr No 7th test ELA 7 Math 7 Math I

June 2018 EOG testing Busch Gardens NCFE Sci/SS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday   1 Atmosphere 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Last day (due to snow) 9 EOG testing Busch Gardens NCFE Sci/SS

Demo – hand-warmer Explain the hand-warmer demo Ms.Garris showed.

Mixture of Gases in Air All Other Gases Argon = 0.93% Carbon Dioxide = 0.04%

Earth’s atmosphere makes conditions on Earth suitable for living things: It traps energy from the sun keeping the Earth warm. The heat also keeps water in liquid form (good for life) It protects Earth from dangerous radiation and meteor collisions.

Let’s make a model! Write the notes ONTO the correct layer. Add color to the layers and the pictures. Cut out the layers and the pictures. Assemble on your notebook paper. **Be careful to place them low enough on the page so that they don’t stick out of the top of your binder!!**

Back to your notes page… Altitude, or elevation, is the distance above sea level. As altitude increases, air pressure decreases. Air pressure decreases and this also means that density decreases. Low density can make it difficult to breathe (due to less oxygen)

Air pressure Air pressure – the result of weight of a column of air pushing down on an area, measured by an instrument known as a barometer. Barometer = Air pressure

Air Pressure in a Syringe Which syringe has the air under greater pressure? Which one is showing greater density? Low Pressure High Pressure

Exploring Air with Syringes Based on the investigation: What can air do? A few words you need to know… Compress – means to squeeze into a smaller space Density – the amount of mass (stuff) in a certain amount of space (volume) Air Pressure – the force of air pushing on stuff Barometer – a tool that measures air pressure COMPRESS

What happened? The fire heats up the air inside the bottle and makes it expand – pushing some air out. When the fire goes out, the air cools and contracts (takes up less space), creating LOW pressure in the bottle. Suddenly the HIGH air pressure outside the bottle can "push" the egg inside.

Air Pressure at Different Altitudes Is air pressure greater at sea level or on top of a mountain? Mountains (High altitude) Sea Level (Low altitude)

Air Pressure at Different Altitudes Magic Balloon: If I want it to be bigger, should I take it to the mountains or the beach? Mountains (High altitude) Sea Level (Low altitude)

Marshmallow in jar… Which picture is simulating mountain top and which is simulating sea level? Explain your answer.

HEAT TRANSFER

How does heat move? Heat can be transferred in three ways: radiation, conduction, and convection.

Radiation, Conduction, or Convection? You feel the warmth of the sun’s rays on your face outside. You notice your macaroni moving up and down in the boiling water. At the beach, you step on the hot sand and it burns your feet. RADIATION CONVECTION CONDUCTION

Heat transfer

Cold air moves pretty slowly, and stays pretty tightly packed together:

Hot air, on the other hand, goes really fast and expands to fill more space.

So, hot air is LESS DENSE than cold air.

So, since hot air is less dense than the surrounding air, it rises, leaving a low-density, low-pressure area behind. Low pressure

This rushing in of cold air is what we call… WIND!! Nearby cold air can then rush in to fill low-pressure area left by the rising hot air. This rushing in of cold air is what we call… WIND!!

UNEVEN HEATING The uneven heating of the air that causes wind is created not only by different colors on Earth’s surface, but also by: Different surfaces (grass vs. snow vs. water, etc.) Pollution in some areas Different amounts of sunlight due to seasons, clouds, etc.

So the wind in the daytime blows TOWARD the beach. During the day, the air over the sand is hotter than the air over the water because the water takes longer to heat up in the Sun. So the wind in the daytime blows TOWARD the beach. WARMER COOLER

So the wind blows toward the ocean at night. But at night, the air over the water is warmer than the air over the sand, because water HOLDS heat longer than the ground. So the wind blows toward the ocean at night. COOLER WARMER

Sea Breeze

Land Breeze

Climate vs Weather Global vs Local winds LARGE scale = overall pattern, trend small scale = daily, weekly, small times Global vs Local winds LARGE scale = Over the entire Earth small scale = tiny area…usually land beside water.

Global winds 1 2 3 4 5 Polar easterlies Prevailing westerlies Horse latitudes 4 Trade winds 5 Equator / Doldrums

United States of America

Coriolis Effect – the effect on the air caused by the rotation of the earth.

Water in the Atmosphere

Earth is called the “Water Planet” 71% of the earth’s surface is covered by water. Water is essential for LIFE on earth.

Water on earth’s surface is easy to see… Oceans Lakes Rivers Glaciers But what about water in earth’s atmosphere???

Water in the atmosphere It’s less obvious than surface water, but there are many signs of water in the atmosphere: Rain, Snow, Drizzle Clouds & Fog Hot days that feel “muggy” or “humid” Dew on the grass in the morning

Water Cycle The movement of water between the atmosphere and earth’s surface is the water cycle.

How does water get into the air? EVAPORATION – is the process where liquid water molecules escape into the air as water vapor. 3 things affect how quickly water evaporates: 1) Temperature 2) Wind 3) Humidity of the air

How much water can air hold? HUMIDITY is the measure of how much water vapor is in the air. TEMPERATURE affects how much water vapor the air can hold… Warm Air Cold Air holds MORE water vapor. holds LESS water vapor. That’s why air feels more “HUMID” on hot days!

What is the “Dew Point”? As air cools, the amount of water vapor it can hold decreases. At a certain temperature, the water vapor in the air will CONDENSE back into water droplets or ice. This temperature is the “DEW POINT”.

What is the “Dew Point”? So, when the air temperature equals the “Dew Point” temperature, the air cannot hold any more water. That means relative humidity is 100%!

Ever wondered about why the grass (or a car windshield) is wet in the morning? Overnight, the temperature dropped below the “dew point” temperature, and the water in the air condensed into water droplets on the grass.

Measuring Dew Point August 15, 2008 Question: At what temperature will the water vapor in the air turn back into liquid water droplets? Hypothesis: Write your prediction. Room Temperature is 23°C. Data Collection: Create this data chart. Temperature (°C) Condensation (yes/no) 23 °C no

Measuring Dew Point Start with a cup of room temp. water and record its temperature. Add 1 ice cube and stir with the thermometer until it melts. Monitor the temperature continuously! Record in your data chart every 2-3°C. Keep adding ice cubes one at a time until you see fog/dew form on the outside of the cup. Remove the ice as soon as you see condensation on the cup. This is the DEW POINT temperature!

Conclusion: What is “dew point” temperature in here? Why do you think meteorologists would want to measure dew point? What happens to water vapor that condenses at a temperature BELOW 0°C? Would the dew point be the same if we did this experiment on a different day? Explain.

Watch the BrainPop video on “Humidity”. Write down 3 things you learned.