Genetics

What are genes made of? Genes are a section of DNA that codes information for making proteins. Chromosomes are made of DNA Genes are located on Chromosomes

Gregor Mendel

Mendel Observed 7 characteristics of pea plants Plant height Flower position Pod color Pod appearance Seed texture Seed color Flower color Each characteristic came in 2 traits Trait: genetically determined characteristic Examples Where do you get these traits?

Mendel’s experiments P generation F1 generation F2 generation True-breeding parents: pure for traits F1 generation Filial: of a son or daughter F2 generation

Vocabulary Allele- alternative forms of a gene Represented by letters of the alphabet

Vocabulary Dominant-masks the other traits Capital letters Recessive-hidden by dominant trait Lower case letters Genotype-genetic makeup Phenotype-organism’s appearance Homozygous-alleles are the same BB or bb Heterozygous –alleles are different Bb

Punnett Square Predicting the probable traits in the offspring.

Punnett Square Monohybrid cross- cross of one characteristic. Homozygous x homozygous BB x bb Homozygous x heterozygous BB x Bb Heterozygous x heterozygous Bb x Bb

Design A Kid Partners: one represents mother, one father flip coin to determine allele of an offspring Heads is dominant, tails recessive