Africa https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom- world/freedom-world-2016

Governance in Africa Africa in mid century was a largely colonized continent by the British, Belgians, French, and other European nations

After independence After independence two distinct political movements occurred in these nations 1. one party authoritarian governments Or 2. “African Socialism”

Next step for Africa For many of these nations the next step was the movement to military regimes as this was the most prominent way to destroy an authoritarian regime

DOES THE FUTURE HAVE DEMOCRACY IN IT? BY 1989 only 5 African nations could be considered democratic: Botswana, Gambia, Senegal, Mauritius, and Zimbabwe This began to change rapidly in the 1990s as political liberalization became common By 1995, multiparty elections were held in 38 African nations. Pressure to reform came from OAU, EU, IMF, World Bank

Obstacles to future democratic reforms Civil War- will disrupt the ability to exercise free democratic principles HIV- takes away young voters and candidates Poverty- breeds radicalism and desperation Economic limitations- fighting over limited resources serves as a catalyst for radical actions to gain control over them Lack of infrastructure- nations have an inability to simply run an election without accusations of corruption

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f73_TN8 pkMU http://www.voanews.com/media/video/oba ma-says-africas-progress-depends-on- development-democracy/2881767.html