Emotion Chapter 12. Chapter 12: Emotion Chapter 12 Chapter 12: Emotions, Stress & Health (Beginning to page 515!) Theories of Emotion Embodied Emotion Thinking Critically About: Lie Detection Expressed Emotion Nonverbal Communication Culture and Emotional ExpressionThe Effects of Facial Expression

Emotions are an adaptive response. Emotions are a mix of physiological activation, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience. Where do emotions come from? Why do we have them? What are they made of?

Theories

Arousal fuels emotion

Inverted “ U “ shape

Cognition channels Emotion What is the connection between how we think (cognition) and how we feel (emotion)? Can we change our emotions by changing our thinking? YES Cognition doesn’t have to precede emotion. When fearful eyes were subliminally presented to subjects, fMRI scans revealed higher levels of amygdala’s activity than control.

Cognition Can Define Emotion Arousal response to one event “spills over” into our response to the next event. OBJECTIVE 6| Explain how spillover effect influences our experience of emotion. AP Photo/ Nati Harnik Reuters/ Corbis

Detecting and Computing Emotion Professionals like police officers, psychiatrists, judges, and polygraphists detected deceiving emotions 54% of the time. OBJECTIVE 10| Discuss the research on reading and misreading facial and behavioral indicators of emotion. Dr. Paul Elkman, University of California at San Francisco

Traditional: monitoring of arousal indicators Gary Ridgway Lie detection: Traditional: monitoring of arousal indicators can be fooled or misled ! New: Guilty knowledge test and Subtle facial expressions

Nonverbal Communication In a crowd of faces a single angry face will “pop out” faster than a single happy face (Fox et al. 2000). OBJECTIVE 8| Describe some of the factors that affect our ability to decipher non-verbal cues.

Experienced Emotion Izard (1977) has isolated 10 emotions Experienced Emotion Izard (1977) has isolated 10 emotions. And most of them are present in infancy, excluding contempt, shame and guilt. Patrick Donehue/ Photo Researchers, Inc. Bob Daemmrich/ The Image Works Tom McCarthy/ Rainbow OBJECTIVE 13| Name the 10 basic emotions, and describe two dimensions psychologists use to differentiate emotions. Lew Merrim/ Photo Researchers, Inc. Nancy Brown/ The Image Bank Marc Grimberg/ The Image Bank Michael Newman/ PhotoEdit

Sex, Culture and Emotional Expression When culturally diverse people were shown basic facial expressions, they did pretty good at recognizing them (Ekman & Matsumoto, 1989). OBJECTIVE 11| Discuss the culture-specific and culturally universal aspects of emotional expression, and explain how emotional expressions can enhance survival. Elkman & Matsumoto, Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expression of Emotion

Emotions are Adaptive Darwin speculated that our ancestors communicated with facial expression in the absence of language. Nonverbal facial expression led to their survival. Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

The Effects of Facial Expression If facial expressions are manipulated like furrowing brows people feel sad while looking at sad pictures. OBJECTIVE 12| Discuss the facial feedback and behavior feedback phenomena, and give an example of each. Courtesy of Louis Schake/ Michael Kausman/ The New York Times Pictures Many versions of the “pen in the mouth experiment” By attaching two golf tee to the face and making their tips touch makes furrow on the forehead.

People generally divide emotions into two dimensions

Emotional Ups and Downs Our positive moods rise to a maximum within 6-7 hours after waking up. Negative moods stay more or less the same over the day. OBJECTIVE 18| Discuss some of the daily and longer-term variations in the duration of emotions.

The end  ;-) :-0 LOL :-( 